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A Study on Digital Transformation of Business
Dr.E.Mubarak Ali Associate Professor and Head (SF), PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy, Dr.D.Sulthan Basha Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Sadakathullah Appa College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli.
Pages: 1-10 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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ABSTRACT

The paper presents opportunities of digital transformation of business as a changes associated with the application of digital technology in all aspects of business. A research of digital business found that maturing digital businesses are focused on integrating digital technologies, such as social, mobile, analytics/big data and cloud, in the service of transforming how businesses work. The ability to digitally reimagine the business is determined in large part by a clear digital strategy supported by leaders who foster a culture able to change and invent the new. Unique to digital transformation is that risk taking is becoming a cultural norm as more digitally advanced companies seek new levels of competitive advantage. Among companies where big data, cloud, mobile, and social technologies are critical parts of the infrastructure, these technologies are, or will soon be profitable on average, had higher revenues, and achieved a bigger market valuation than competitors without a strong vision. As with any emerging technology, however, there are significant challenges associated with cloud, mobile, social, and big data initiatives. The survey suggests that the primary risks preventing their wider adoption are data security issues, lack of interoperability with existing IT systems, and lack of control.

Key words: cloud, mobile, social technologies, big data, analytics, internet of things, change management

REFERENCES

1. Bradley J., L. James, J. Macaulay, А. Noronha, M. Wade, 2023, Digital Vortex. How Digital Disruption Is Redefining Industries, Global Center for Digital Business Transformation, Available online at http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/ solutions/collateral/industry-solutions/digitalvortex-report.pdf .
2. Kane, G., D. Palmer, A. Phillips, D. Kiron, N. Buckley, 2023. Strategy, Not Technology Drives Digital Transformation, MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte University Press, July 2023. Available online at http://sloanreview.mit.edu/ projects/strategydrives-digital-transformation/
3. NIST Cloud Computing Program - NCCP https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nistcloud-computing-program-nccp
4. Project DIGITRANS http://www.interreg-danube.eu/approvedprojects/digitrans
5. SAP White Paper Digital Transformation. Digital Business Modeling: A Structural Approach Toward Digital Transformation(2024) Available online at https://news.sap.com/digital-businessmodeling-a-structural-approach-toward-digitaltransformation/
6. The digitization of everything – How organizations must adapt to changing consumer behavior, Ernst and Young, http://www.ey.com
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_thing s

 

A Study on Consumer Buying Behavior in Relation to Green Products Available in Pudukkottai District
G.Ramadevi Ph.D. (P.T) Research Scholar in Commerce,,Dr. M.Marimuthu Head of the Department Commerce & Research Advisor, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Trichy, Tamilnadu, India
Pages: 11-19 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Green marketing activities have become one of the business strategies that can be done to maintain environmental sustainability. The quality of a product will be more qualified when certified environmentally friendly. Consuming such environmentally friendly products adds value to the consumer because in addition to getting the functions offered, the product is also safe for the environment. This study aims to give information about the effect of green marketing on consumers buying behavior. Today's consumers are becoming more and more conscious about the environment and are also becoming socially responsible.
Keywords: Green Marketing, Environment - friendly, Consumer Behavior, Green products.

REFERENCES

[1]. Md. ZillurRahmanSiddique&AfzalHossain. Sources of Consumers Awareness toward Green Products and Its Impact on Purchasing Decision in Bangladesh, Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol 11, No. 3; 2018
[2]. Yazdanifard, R., & Yan, Y. K. (2014). The Concept of Green Marketing and Green Product Development on Consumer Buying Approach.Global Journal of Commerce & Management
Perspective, 3(2), 33-38.
[3]. Yeonshin, K., &Sejung, M. C. (2005). Antecedents of Green Purchase Behavior: An Examination of Collectivism, Environmental Concern, and PCE. NA-Advance in consumer research, 32, 592-599.
[4]. Young, W., Hwang, K., McDonald, S., & Oates, C. J. (2010). Sustainable Consumption: Green Consumer Behaviour When Purchasing Products.Sustainable Development, 18(1), 20-31.
[5]. Sanjeev Kumar, RadhaGarg and Anita Makkar. Consumer Awareness and Perception Towards Green Products: A Study of Youngsters in India, International Journal of Maketing& Business Communication Volume 1 Issue 4 October 2012
[6] Chamorro, Antonio &Banegil, Tomas M., 2006. Green Marketing Philosophy: A Study of Spanish Firms with Ecolabels. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. Page 11-24

Online references :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication.
https://www.academia.edu/
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
https://www.environmentbuddy.com/
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/green-marketing-strategy

Navigating Prosperity: Unraveling The Dynamics of Cross-Selling Effectiveness and Financial Literacy in The Banking Landscape
P.G. Rajesh Ph.D. Research Scholar (PT),,Dr. K. Vijayakumar Assistant Professor & Research Advisor, PG & Research Dept. of Commerce Jamal Mohammed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu.
Pages: 20-26 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract 

Cross-selling, or selling additional products to present customers, is a vital growth strategy for retail banks. However, its success depends on customers' receptiveness to considering new offerings. Pass-promoting, or promoting additional merchandise to current clients, is a vital increase strategy for retail banks. But its achievement depends on customers' receptiveness to thinking about new services. A better financial literacy promotes receptiveness, even as lower literacy engenders reluctance and confusion. Financial literacy is a key determinant of cross-promote effectiveness. Banks need to tailor their recommendation, education ranges, and income strategies to match clients' financial sophistication 

Keywords: Cross selling, Financial Literacy,

REFERENCES
1. Rekha K.G (2015). “Cross selling of Financial Products – A study based on customers in Kerala”. International Journal of Science and Research, Online ISSN 2319- 7064. Paper ID: SUB 152799, Volume 04, Issue 03, 2428-2430
2. Nakul Parameswar, Swati Dhir and Sanjay Dhir (2017). “Banking Innovation, Innovation in banking at ICICI bank”. Global Business and Organisational Excellence, 36(2) 06-16
3. S.N. Mahapatra and Praveen Kumar (2017) “Customer retention: A study on Indian Banks”. International Journal of Research, Online ISSN 2350-0530, Volume 05, Issue 07, 485-492,
4. Lusardi, A., and O. S. Mitchell. 2006. “Financial literacy and planning: Implications for retirement wellbeing.” Pension Research Council Working Paper 1, The Wharton School.
5. Van Rooij, M., A. Lusardi and R. Alessie. 2007. “Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation.” NBER Working Paper n. 13565.
6. Sobhesh Kumar Agarwall, Samir Barua, Joshy Jacob and Jayanth R. Varma, 2012, “ A survey of financial literacy among students, young employees and the retired in India”, IIM Ahmedabad

Quality of Work Life Construct; as Antecedent and Outcome: A Systematic Literature Review
K. B. Jaseena Ph.DResearch Scholar,,Dr. M.Habeebur Rahman Assistant professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli.
Pages: 27-40 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract 

The aim of this literature review is to conduct a systematic review in order to analyze the role of the construct, quality of work life as an antecedent and outcome variable, to understand the gaps, opportunities and future research directions in this field. The methodology followed for the study is as per the recommendations on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA).41 research articles from the Scopus database have been included in the study by following inclusion- exclusion criteria. This literature review analyses the role of quality of work life construct as antecedent and outcome. As regards the new dimensions on quality of work life, another four dimensions; control, economic, ergonomic, complexity, social, and work life balance have also been identified. Furthermore relationships among quality of work life and other new constructs (for eg transformational leadership etc) have also been established. Many researchers did not address the effects of quality of work life and life satisfaction on job related variables such as job performance, job longevity, and turnover intentions. This may be an area that has a scope for further investigation in future research. 

Keywords: Quality of work life, Antecedents and outcomes, TCM approach, PRISMA framework.

REFERENCES 

1. Acharya, S., & Anand, G. (2020). A study on quality of work life, motivation and employee engagement among nurses in private hospitals of Indore. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 6(5), 676-686. 

2. Agarwal, S., & Solanki, V. K. (2020, November). Investigating the Linkage between Quality of Work Life and Burnout in Indian IT Industry. In 2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA) (pp. 146-150). 

3. Agus, A., & Selvaraj, R. (2020). The mediating role of employee commitment in the relationship between quality of work life and the intention to stay. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 42(6), 1231-1248. 

4. Ahmed, M. M., Khudari, M., Hussein, A. M., & Jais, J. (2023). Quality of Work Life, Job Enrichment and their Impact on Employee Retention: Exploratory Research in Private Colleges in Baghdad. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 20, 848-858.

5. Allam, Z., & Shaik, A. (2020). A study on quality of work life amongst employees working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Management Science Letters, 10(6), 1287-1294.

6. Alrawadieh, Z., Cetin, G., Dincer, M. Z., &Istanbullu Dincer, F. (2020). The impact of emotional dissonance on quality of work life and life satisfaction of tour guides. The Service Industries Journal, 40(1-2), 50-64. 

7. Aruldoss, A., Kowalski, K. B., &Parayitam, S. (2021). The relationship between quality of work life and work-life-balance mediating role of job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment: evidence from India. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(1), 36-62.


8. Beaujouan J, Rasheed A. 2020 The Syrian refugee crisis in Jordan and Lebanon: Impact and implications. Middle East Policy ;27(3):76–98. 

9. Berguig, O., & Abdelbaki, N. (2021). Impact of quality of work life’s dimensions on turnover intention: A systematic literature review. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 11(2), 134-154. 

10. Bhende, P., Mekoth, N., Ingalhalli, V., & Reddy, Y. V. (2020). Quality of work life and work–life balance. Journal of Human Values, 26(3), 256-265. 

11. Dizaji, L. A., Parvan, K., Tabrizi, F. J., Vahidi, M., &Sarbakhsh, P. (2021). Quality of work-life and its relationship with personality traits among nursing staff: Descriptive correlational study. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research, 11(2-2021), 100-105.


12. Ehido, A., Awang, Z., Halim, B.A. and Ibeabuchi, C. (2020), “Developing items for measuring quality of work life among Malaysian academics: an exploratory factor analysis procedure”, Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 1295-1309, doi: 10.18510/hssr.2020.83132 

13. Els, V., Brouwers, M., &Lodewyk, R. B. (2021). Quality of work life: Effects on turnover intention and organisational commitment amongst selected South African manufacturing organisations. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 1407. 

14. Hammond, M., Owusu, N. O., Nunoo, E. K., Boampong, G., Osman, A., Panin, A., ...& Essen, B. (2023). How quality of work-life influence employee job satisfaction in a gas processing plant in Ghana. Discover Sustainability, 4(1), 10. 

15. Hassan, N., Mazlan, N. M. W., Halif, M. M., Noranee, S., & Zainal, N. Z. (2020). The moderating roles of organizational commitment on the relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention among call center employees. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 24(1), 208-228. 

16. Inarda, A. (2022). A mixed-methods study on the influence of quality of work life on commitment and performance. Probl. Perspect. Manag, 20, 321-334.

17. Ishfaq, M., Al-Hajieh, H., & Alharthi, M. (2022). Quality of Work Life (QWL) and its impact on the performance of the banking industry in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Financial Studies, 10(3), 61. 

18. Jarabo, B. R. (2021). Quality of working life and job satisfaction in health and educational workers.¿ are there differences?. Revista de Psicologia de la Salud, 9(1). 

19. Khajehnasiri, F., Foroushani, A. R., Kashani, B. F., &Kassiri, N. (2021). Evaluation of the quality of working life and its effective factors in employed nurses of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals. Journal of education and health promotion, 10 

20. Kim, H., Im, J., & Shin, Y. H. (2021). The impact of transformational leadership and commitment to change on restaurant employees’ quality of work life during a crisis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 322-330.

21. Kim, J.(S.), Milliman, J. and Lucas, A. (2020), “Effects of CSR on employee retention via identification and quality-of-work-life”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 32 No. 3, pp. 1163-1179, doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-06-2019-0573. 

22. Koozekonan, A. G., Moshiran, V. A., Yarandi, M. S., Golmohammapour, H., Sarbaz, B., &Zakerian, S. A. (2021). Study of the relationship between physical and mental workload with quality of work life of workers in the foundry industry. J Health Saf Work, 11(3), 488-502. 

23. Lebni, J. Y., Toghroli, R., Abbas, J., Kianipour, N., NeJhaddadgar, N., Salahshoor, M. R., ...&Ziapour, A. (2021). Nurses’ work-related quality of life and its influencing demographic factors at a public hospital in Western Iran: a cross-sectional study. International quarterly of community health education, 42(1), 37-45. 

24. Madraswale, M. A., & Velmurugan, R. (2023). A Study on Quality of Work Life of Software Professionals in Bengaluru City. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(2), e01149-e01149. 

25. Maghfira, G. A., Fakhri, M., Syarifuddin, S., Nurnida, I., & Kurnia, B. (2021, April). The effect of quality of work life and job stress toward organizational culture. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (pp. 2939-2947). IEOM Society International. 

26. Martínez-Buelvas, L., Jaramillo-Naranjo, O., & La Hoz-Dominguez, D. (2021). Factors that affect quality of work life of the millennials linked to the commercial sector in Colombia. 

27. Marzuki, F., Supriadi, Y. N., &Ritonga, M. (2022). The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Commitment: Evidence From SMEs Restaurant. Calitatea, 23(191), 183-188. 

28. Mohammadi, S., &Karupiah, P. (2020). Quality of work life and academic staff performance: a comparative study in public and private universities in Malaysia. Studies in Higher Education, 45(6), 1093-1107.

29. Muskat, B., &Reitsamer, B. F. (2020). Quality of work life and Generation Y: How gender and organizational type moderate job satisfaction. Personnel Review, 49(1), 265-283. 

30. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., &Beloor, V. (2024). Quality of work life of employees working in the Indian garment industry. Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 28(2), 220-234. 

31. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Renuka, S. D., &Srinivasaiah, R. (2022). A study on quality of work life of employees in LPG bottling plant. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 19(1), 1-13. 

32. Oweidat, I., Omari, A., ALBashtawy, M., Alrahbeni, T., Al-Mugheed, K., & Alsheikh, A. D. I. (2024). Factors affecting the quality of working life among nurses caring for Syrian refugee camps in Jordan. Human Resources for Health, 22(1), 1. 

33. Permatasari, R., Fakhri, M., Silvianita, A., Wardhana, A., &Moeliono, N. (2021). The Effect Of Job Stress Occupational Safety and Health Toward The Quality Of Employee Life In Central Cimahi Post Offices. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (pp. 5666-5673). 

34. Putra, I. N. T. D., Ardika, I. W., Antara, M., Idrus, S., &Hulfa, I. (2021). The effects of quality of work life on job performance, work motivation, work ethics, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy of hotel employees in Lombok.

35. Sabonete, S. A., Lopes, H. S. C., Rosado, D. P., & Reis, J. C. G. D. (2021). Quality of work life according to Walton’s model: Case study of the higher institute of defense studies of Mozambique. Social Sciences, 10(7), 244. 

36. Savić-Tot, T., Runić-Ristić, M., & Tot, V. (2022). Employee job satisfaction as an element of the quality of work life. International Journal for Quality Research, 16(2), 329-352. 

37. Silarova, B., Brookes, N., Palmer, S., Towers, A. M., & Hussein, S. (2022). Understanding and measuring the work‐related quality of life among those working in adult social care: A scoping review. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(5), 1637-1664. 

38. Somerana, L., Supapholb, S., &Choosawatc, N. (2020). Quality of Work Life and Organizational Climate Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of SME Business Employees in Suphanburi Province, Thailand. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity, and Change, 12(11), 286-296. 

39. Srinivasaiah, R., Swamy, D. R., &Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S. (2021). Quality of work life and demographic factors in manufacturing SME’s. Proceedings on Engineering, 3(3), 335-344.

 40. Stefana, E., Marciano, F., Rossi, D., Cocca, P., &Tomasoni, G. (2021). Composite indicators to measure quality of working life in Europe: a systematic review. Social Indicators Research, 157(3), 1047-1078.

Factors Affecting Quality of Work-Life Balance Among Teachers in Higher Education Institutions
Dr. L. Asid Ahamed Assistant Professor,,V.Nanthini II M Com ‘B’,PG & Research Department of Commerce (SF-Women), Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 41-48 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Quality of Work-life balance is a significant aspect to enhance female teacher effectiveness and their satisfaction in the framework of student education It has been repeatedly demonstrated that a healthy work-life balance benefits instructor wellbeing and enhances student behavior. The present study investigated the quality of work-life balance among female teachers working in various academic streams across universities and colleges.The results showed that teachers' work-life balance is directly and strongly impacted by their designation, kind of appointment, academic streams they teach in, and the type of institution they work for. However, there are no appreciable differences in the instructors' work-life balance between genders or marital status.
Keywords: Quality of work life balance, Female Teachers, Higher Education Institution

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Entrepreneurship in the ERA of Digital Transformation: The Role of Social Media and Content Marketing
Dr. S. Pradeepa, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration , Sindhi College, Chennai.
Pages: 49-54 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly transformed the entrepreneurial landscape, presenting new opportunities and challenges. Social media and content marketing have developed as critical tools for entrepreneurs, enabling them to reach broader audiences, build brand identity, and foster customer relationships. This descriptive paper examines how social media and content marketing contribute to entrepreneurship in today's digital transformation. Using secondary sources, like books, research papers, and websites, the paper highlights the effectiveness of these tools in driving entrepreneurial success. Entrepreneurs now leverage platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn to engage with customers, gather insights through analytics, and establish a global presence. The content marketing enables value-driven storytelling through blogs, videos, SEO strategies, and thought leadership. The integration of these tools offers a synergistic effect, allowing entrepreneurs to maximize reach and maintain consistent messaging across channels. However, challenges such as content saturation, algorithm changes, and resource constraints persist. This paper highlights the importance of adaptability, creativity, and data-driven decision-making in overcoming these challenges and leveraging digital tools effectively. In conclusion, social media and content marketing are indispensable for entrepreneurial success in the digital age.

Keywords: Entrepreneurs, digital era, social media, and content marketing

REFERENCES
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2. Bhakuni, S. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence on human resource management in information technology industry in India. The Scientific Temper, 14(4):1232-1243. Doi: 10.58414/SCIENTIFICTEMPER.2023.14.4.26
3. Chaffey, D., & Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2019). Digital Marketing: Strategy, Implementation, and Practice. Pearson Education.
4. Chaffey, D., & Smith, P. R. (2022). Digital Marketing Excellence: Planning, Optimizing, and Integrating Online Marketing. Routledge.
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6. Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.
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8. Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.
9. Miller, J. (2020). Effective content marketing in a saturated market. Digital Marketing Insights.
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12. Smith, K. (2017). Social Media Marketing: Trends and Future Directions. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 34(3), 608-620.
13. Smith, R. (2022). How startups can manage social media with limited resources. Entrepreneurial Guide to Digital Marketing.
14. Tiago, M. T. P. M. B., & Veríssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why bother? Business Horizons, 57(6), 703-708.

Analysing Consumer Behaviour towards Purchase of Gold Jewelleries in Tiruchirappalli
M.A. Michael Neil Adams, Full Time Ph.D Research Scholar, Dr. S. Gopi, Research Supervisor and Assistant professor of commerce, PG & research department of commerce, Jamal Mohamad college (Autonomous),Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy
Pages: 55-64 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract

The Gems and Jewellery sector plays a significant role in the Indian economy, contributing around 7 per cent of the country’s GDP and 15.71 per cent to India’s total merchandise exports. It also employs over 4.64 million workers. One of the fastest growing sectors, it is extremely exporting oriented and labour intensive. India is deemed to be the hub of the global jewellery market because of its low costs and availability of high-skilled labour. The present paper focused on the analysing consumer behaviour towards purchase of gold jewelleries in Tiruchirappalli which is a popular city in Tamil Nadu. Based on the analysis of the data collected for the study it can be concluded that changes in the price of gold have a significant impact on consumer behaviour. The study found that as gold prices rise, consumer demand for gold tends to decrease, while lower gold prices tend to increase consumer demand. However, the study also found that the level of sensitivity to price changes varies among different consumer segments. Consumer attitudes towards gold were also found to play an important role in determining their purchase behaviour. Those who view gold primarily as an investment tend to be more sensitive to price fluctuations than those who view gold primarily as a commodity for adornment or gifting purposes.

Keywords: Consumer Behaviour, Gold Jewelleries, Buying and Wearing.

REFERENCES
1. Ms. Shalini Kakkar (2021), Consumer Resistance To Innovations In Ornamental Gold Jewellery, Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, 1528-2678-25-1-332.
2. Priya Narayanan (2023), From “Making Charges” to “Crafting Premium”: Determining the Feasibility of a Novel Strategy for Marketing Gold Jewelry, IIMK/WPS/580/MM/2023/01.
3. Mrs Sembakalakshmi S.J & Mr N. Aadhi krishnaa (2023), A Study on Effect of Price Fluctuations and Consumer Buying Behavior Toward Gold Jewels, International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), E-ISSN: 2582-2160, IJFMR23032695 Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023.
4. Manikandan L. N. & Dr K. V. R. Rajandran (2024), A Study on Consumer Buying Behaviour towards Gold Jewellery in Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, International Journal of Advanced Scientific Multidisciplinary Research (2024) 1(1): 1-8, Vol. 1, No. 1; Mar (2024).
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10. Shyam Sundar (2020), Study Of Buying Behaviour Of Women Towards Gold Jewellery, International Journal of Management (IJM), Volume 11, Issue 10, October 2020, pp. 2864-2872, ISSN Print: 0976-6502.

Leadership Dynamics and their Effect on Entrepreneurial Innovation and Perception
B. Berty Roy Research Scholar, Dr. S.Basheer Ahamed Assistant Professor,PG and Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohammed College (Autonomous), Affiliated tothe Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
Pages: 65-76 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This research examines the relationship between leadership dynamics and entrepreneurial innovation, focusing on how leadership qualities influence innovation perception. Using a quantitative approach with a descriptive design, the study analyses the impact of leadership factors like decision-making skills, adaptability, risk-taking, and communication on innovation among 284 MBA students from Business Administration colleges in Bengaluru, Karnataka. A correlation matrix was employed to assess the interrelationships between these factors. The study highlights a significant gap in existing literature regarding the nuanced dynamics between leadership and innovation. Findings suggest that leadership style, decision-making, and risk-taking positively impact innovation, while adaptability and communication require balance.
The study provides practical recommendations for entrepreneurs to enhance leadership effectiveness, foster innovation, and improve decision-making skills. These insights contribute to the growing body of knowledge on entrepreneurial leadership and innovation.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Dynamics, Innovation, Perception, Creativity, Motivation, Decision Making skills.

REFERENCES
1. Avolio, B. J., &Yammarino, F. J. (2018). Full-Range Leadership and Entrepreneurship. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(5), 603-617.
2. Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2015). Transformational leadership and innovation. Journal of Leadership Studies, 9(2), 45–62.
3. Cools, E., & Van den Broeck, H. (2016). Leadership and ambiguity: Implications for innovation. Creativity Research Journal, 28(3), 212–221.
4. Foo, M. D., Wong, P. K., & Ong, A. (2020). Emotional intelligence in entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(3), 145–160.
5. Gupta, V., MacMillan, I. C., & Surie, G. (2019). Entrepreneurial leadership across cultures. Academy of Management Perspectives, 33(1), 43–58.
6. Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S., & Covin, J. G. (2017). Entrepreneurial leadership in SMEs: A conceptual framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 89–107.
7. McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2017). Entrepreneurial leadership and strategic innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 38(5), 965-978.
8. Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., & Franklin, R. J. (2019). Leadership and innovation in startups. Journal of Business Research, 102, 17-27.
9. Rae, D., & Carswell, M. (2019). Enhancing leadership through entrepreneurial education. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1), 101-118.
10. Rae, D., & Wang, C. L. (2017). Developing entrepreneurial leadership in education. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior& Research, 23(4), 591–608.
11. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., & Carsrud, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial leadership and its impact on innovation. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(4), 112–123.
12. Smith, A., & Peterson, M. F. (2018). Visionary leadership and organizational creativity. Leadership Quarterly, 29(4), 564–576.
13. Spigel, B. (2020). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and leadership dynamics. Regional Studies, 54(3), 456–467.
14. Turner, J. R., & Müller, R. (2019). Leadership competencies in innovation projects. International Journal of Project Management, 37(5), 647–655.
15. Yang, J., & Wang, Y. (2021). Leadership styles and innovation in SMEs. Small Business Economics, 57(3), 923–937.

Satisfaction Level of Health Tourists in the Malabar Region of Kerala.
B.K. Muhammed Juman Ph.D. Research Scholar,Dr. G. Pasupathi Assistant Professor and Research Advisor,PG& Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu.
Pages: 77-95 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The state of Kerala in India is considered as a ‘tourist’s paradise’. Tourism in Kerala is really non-seasonal in nature. Cultural Tourism is travel to experience and, in some cases, participate in a vanishing lifestyle that lies within human memory. Culture and tradition play an important role in the promotion of tourism. Kerala State is so much inclined to cultural and health tourism. Now a day’s people are more aware of the importance of health. They are conscious in maintaining a healthy body, mind and soul. People visit tourism destinations normally for leisure and recreation. Health tourism comprises of two terms healthcare and tourism; and it involves a combination of resources of healthcare and tourism. Tourism and the hospitality industry can develop only with the cooperation and wholehearted patronage of a friendly and hospitable host community. It is with this objective that the Department of Tourism is envisaging a massive awareness campaign in the State. One of the major attractions of health tourism is their holistic treatment in Ayurveda and in Allopathy at various Multi specialty hospitals, Ayurvedic centers specialized by Govt. of Kerala, among them are top hospitals situated in Malabar region of Kerala, like Kottakkal Aryavaidyasala, Aster MIMS Calicut, KIMS Alshifa Petinthalmanna, Metro, Meitra Hospital Calicut and BMH Calicut. Here, the study aims to find out the satisfaction level of the Health tourists relating the services provided in Health tourism sectors in the Malabar region of Kerala. Success of Health treatment depends upon the satisfaction level of Health tourists regarding facilities, services available in Health tourism sectors. The Hospitals in Malabar region are not only competitive but also luxurious and comfortable in all aspects, satisfying the tourists by all means. They offer the ideal and the perfect blend of convenience and efficiency to tourists. It helps the tourists in discovering with a holistic approach of natural life in healthy treatment of their illness and wellness as per their requirement; apart from that, these are extremely eco-friendly. Tourists are given protection and their needs are satisfied by the health centers. By analyzing the responses the findings are made and on the basis of the findings, suggestions are made to promote the Health tourism in Malabar region of Kerala. For this, the data has been collected from tourists, both domestic and international who had visited these hospitals and resort centers in the Malabar region of Kerala. The questions were more concentrated on the satisfaction level of visitors relating to the various facilities available in the Hospitals.
Keywords:Health tourism, economic impact, satisfactory levels, service quality of Malabar region of Kerala

REFERENCES
 Airey, D. and Tribe, J. (2005), An International Handbook of Tourism Education,Elsevier
 Bansal, S. P. (2007), Cutting Edge Research in Tourism: Emerging Issues andChallenges, Abhishek Publication, New Delhi
 Department of Tourism (2002), National Tourism Policy, Ministry of Tourism & CultureGovernment
 of India, New Delhi.
 Department of Tourism (2016), Tourism Statistics at a glance, Ministry ofTourism,Government of
 India, New Delhi.
 Hjalager & Anne-Mette (2003), Global Tourism careers: Opportunities and dilemmasFacing Higher
 Education in Tourism, Journal Of Hospitality Leisure, Sports and Tourismeducation, Vol2. No.2,
 Denmark
 International Labor Organisation (2001), Human Resources Development, Employment and
 Globalisation in Hotel, catering and Tourism Sector, International Labor Office,Geneva
 Jafari, Jafar (2000), Encyclopedia of Tourism, Routledge, UK
 Ministry of Tourism, Government of India (2002-03), Domestic Tourism Survey,National Council for
 Applied Economic Research, New Delhi
 Ministry of Tourism; Department of Tourism; Government of India (2004),
 A MarketPulse report, Manpower requirement in Hotel Industry, Tour Operator and Travel Sector,
 Manpower Trained by different institutes and placement scenario, Market Pulse, NewDelhi
 Mrudula, E. (2007), Talent Crunch: Issues and Perspectives, The ICFAI UniversityPress, Hyderabad.
 Talwar & Prakash (2006), Travel and Tourism Management, Isha Books, New Delhi
 World Travel and Tourism Council, Tourism satellite Account for India, www.wttc.com
 Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, Second Edition, By Philip Kotler, John Bowen,James Makens
 Marketing research- concepts and cases. Tata McGraw Hill. By Donald R. Cooper andPamela S. chindler
 https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/kerala-health-tourism-meet-to-focus-on-medical-tourism/article7814227.ece

A Study on Consumer Perception towards Eco- Friendly Products in Tiruchirappalli City
Dr. A. Ansar Ali Assistant Professor in Commerce, S. Mohamed Imthiaz PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli.
Pages: 96-105 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The present work made an attempt to analyses consumer satisfaction with reference to green products in Tiruchirappalli, with special emphasis on perception, preference and satisfaction factors. Eco- Friendly products marketing is a concept which gives a chance to save the planet earth from human destruction. Eco- Friendly products marketing is a much broader concept and it includes industrial goods and services, consumer goods, etc. Eco- Friendly products marketing aims at raising voice against consumption, production or disposal of any products that harm the consumers, the environment or the society in any way. It is a necessity that both consumers as well as businessmen abstain from harmful products. Thus, this paper analyzes the impact on consumer perception towards Eco- Friendly products in Tiruchirappalli City. A well structured questionnaire was prepared to collect one hundred respondents and simple random sampling technique had been used for this study. The findings of the study showed that most of the respondents (65 per cent) are female, 89 per cent of the respondents belong to the age group between 18-24. Therefore product is the most influencing marketing element.
Keywords: Eco- Friendly products marketing, Impact, perception, Awareness, Usage etc.,

REFERENCES
 Lakatos, E. S., Nan, L. M., Bacali, L., Ciobanu, G., Ciobanu, A. M., &Cioca, L. I. (2021). Consumer satisfaction towards Eco- Friendly productsproducts: Empirical insights from romania. Sustainability, 13(19), 10982.
 Dubey, Y., Sinha, B. K., &Shrivastava, A. (2023). Consumer satisfaction towards Eco- Friendly productsproducts: B2B marketing insights from Indore city. ACTA SCIENTIAE, 6(2), 137-148.
 Mohd Suki, N. (2017). Eco- Friendly productsproducts usage: structural relationships on customer satisfaction and loyalty. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 24(1), 88-95.
 Sima, V., & Gheorghe, I. G. (2019). Customer satisfaction in the consumption of Eco- Friendly products. In Eco- Friendly products Business: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1161-1194). IGI Global.
 Doyduk, H. B. B. (2018). Asseing the effect of product innovations on consumer satisfaction: A Eco- Friendly products perspective. YönetimBilimleriDergisi, 16(31), 41-58.
 Kremmydas, C., &Kostis, P. C. (2024). Advancing Sustainability: Eco- Friendly products Satisfaction, Circularity, and Sustainable Development. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development (IJSESD), 15(1), 1-12.
 Jindal, K., & Rani, K. (2024). To analyse the consumer perception and satisfaction level for Eco- Friendly products. Universal Research Reports, 11(1), 105-113.
 Suhaily, L., &Darmoyo, S. (2019). Effect of Eco- Friendly product and Eco- Friendly products advertising to satisfaction and loyalty which mediated by purchase decision. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches, 6(1), 44-57.
 Giwa-Amu, O. (2022). Effect of Eco- Friendly product smarketing on customer satisfaction. Sapientia Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Development Studies, 5(2).
 http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/EcoFriendlyinvesting.asphttp://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/Eco-Friendly-marketing.html
 http://www.Eco-Friendlymarketing.com/articles/complete/the-5-simple-rules-of-Eco- Friendly-marketing1/
 http://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/Eco- Friendly-promotion/52773

Analysing the Relationship Between Social Interaction and Creative Performance in Coworking Spaces through Knowledge Sharing
A. P. Mufeeda Sulfath Ph.D (Full Time Research Scholar),Dr. K. Halimunnisa Assistant Professor and Research Advisor,PG and Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Trichy, Tamil Nadu.
Pages: 106-117 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Coworking spaces are communal and collaborative workplaces which cater the occupants with various amenities like workstations, meeting spaces, cafeterias, networking events, and private offices. The users of coworking spaces are from different fields dealing with different kinds of businesses. It includes freelancers, tech professionals, entrepreneurs, self employed workers, architectures, artists etc. As the members are from different fields, they can share different ideas and they will get access to various mindsets of people. This study deals with the effect of social interactions in the coworking spaces on creative performance and the mediating role of knowledge sharing.Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis proven the significant relationship of Social Interaction and Creative Performance. The results also confirm that, the influence of social interaction on creative performance through Knowledge Sharing exhibit even stronger statistical significance as mediator than the direct link between social interaction and creative performance.
Keywords: creative performance, coworking spaces, knowledge sharing, social interaction.

REFERENCES
 Bouncken, R., & Aslam, M. (2019). Understanding knowledge exchange processes among diverse users of coworking-spaces. Journal of Knowledge Management. , 2067–2085.
 Bueno, S., Rodriguez, B. G., & Gallego, M. (2018). Coworking spaces: Anew way of achieving productivity. Journal of facilities management , 452-66.
 Bueno, S., Rodríguez-Baltanás, G., & Gallego, M. (2018). Coworking spaces: a new way of achieving productivity. Journal of Facilities Management , 452-466.
 Cabral, V., & van Winden, W. (2024). Coworking: An analysis of coworking strategies for interaction and innovation.
 Lin, H. (2007). Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study. International Journal of Manpower , 315-332.
 Rese, A., Görmar, L., & Herbig, A. (2022). Social networks in coworking spaces and individual coworker’s creativity. . Review of Managerial Science , 391–428.
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 Rese, A., Kopplin, C., & Nielebock, C. (2020). Factors influencing members’ knowledge sharing and creative performance in coworking spaces. . Journal of Knowledge Management , 2327–2354.
 Tangaraja, Gangeswari, Mohd Rasdi, Roziah , & Abu , S. (2016). Knowledge sharing is knowledge transfer: a misconception in the literature . Journal of Knowledge Management. , 653-670.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Transformation of Entrepreneurial Process
Dr. A. Sophia Alphonse, Assistant Professor, Dr. I. Ashiq Mohamad, Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce (SF-Men), Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 118-127 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This paper examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reshaping the entrepreneurial process across multiple dimensions. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent research and literature, the study explores how AI technologies are revolutionizing key aspects of entrepreneurship, from opportunity identification to resource optimization and value creation. The research identifies ten critical areas where AI serves as an external enabler for entrepreneurial outcomes, including market intelligence, innovation, customer engagement, and risk management. The study also addresses significant challenges in AI implementation, such as integration complexities, data quality concerns, and ethical implications, while proposing strategic frameworks for overcoming these obstacles. Furthermore, the paper outlines future considerations for AI in entrepreneurship, encompassing technological evolution, regulatory landscape, and sustainability impacts. This analysis contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the intersection of AI and entrepreneurship, offering practical insights for entrepreneurs and researchers alike.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Innovation, Digital Transformation, Strategic Implementation, Business Intelligence.

REFERENCES
 Robledo,S.,GrisalesAguirre,A.M.,Hughes,M.,&Eggers,F.(2023).“Hastalavista,baby”– will machine learning terminate human literature reviews in entrepreneurship? JournalofSmallBusinessManagement,61(3),1314-1343.
 Le´vesque,M.,Obschonka,M.,&Nambisan,S.(2022). Pursuing impactful entrepreneurship research using artificial intelligence. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 46(4), 803-832.
 Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). The digital transformation of innovation andentrepreneurship:Progress,challengesandkeythemes.ResearchPolicy,48(8), 103773.
 Chen, H., & Williams, R. (2023). Artificial intelligence and entrepreneurial cognition: A systematic review. Journal of Business Venturing, 38(2), 106-124.
 Martinez-Lopez, A., & Johnson, K. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in startup innovation: An empirical investigation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47(4), 781-803.
 Anderson, P., & Zhang, L. (2023). Resource optimization through artificial intelligence: Implications for entrepreneurial ventures. Small Business Economics, 61(3), 445-468.
 Thompson, S., & Kumar, R. (2023). Artificial intelligence in entrepreneurial risk assessment: A multi-case analysis. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 29(5), 892-914.
 Lee, J., & Morgan, D. (2023). Machine learning and entrepreneurial adaptation: A longitudinal study. Journal of Small Business Management, 61(2), 234-256.
 Battisti,S.,Agarwal,N.,&Brem,A.(2022).Creating new tech entrepreneurs with digital platforms: Meta-organizations for shared value in data-driven retail ecosystems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 175, 121392.
 Chalmers, D., MacKenzie, N. G., & Carter, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and entrepreneurship:Implicationsforventurecreationinthefourthindustrial revolution. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(5), 1028-1053.
 Garbuio, M., & Lin, N. (2021). Innovative idea generation in problem finding: Abductive reasoning, cognitive impediments, and the promise of artificial intelligence. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 38(6), 701-725.

The Impact of Search Engine Marketing in the Digital Marketing ERA
K. Thanseeh Assistant professor,T. Fathima Najiya HOD and Assistant professor, Department of Commerce, Al Jamia Arts and Science College, (Affiliated to University of Calicut) Perinthalmanna, Malappuram, Kerala.
Pages: 128-135 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study Analyzing the impact of Search Engine Marketing (SEM) in the digital marketing era, emping its critical role in enhancing online visibility and driving consumer engagement for businesses. The analysis highlights how SEM connects brands with consumers actively searching for their products or services through paid advertisements on search engine results pages (SERPs). The research identifies key performance indicators (KPIs) such as click-through rates (CTR), conversion rates, and cost-per-click (CPC) that advertisers use to measure the effectiveness of their campaigns
The findings reveal that SEM not only facilitates immediate traffic generation but also offers high conversion rates, making it an essential tool for businesses aiming to optimize their marketing investments. The study further explores the dominance of major search engines, particularly Google, which holds a significant market share, underscoring the importance of strategic keyword targeting and budget allocation. Additionally, the anticipated growth of the search engine market underscores the increasing demand for innovative digital marketing strategies.

The study's conclusions advise companies to give careful keyword research, ongoing performance monitoring, and flexibility in response to shifting customer preferences and algorithmic changes a priority. Businesses may increase their SEM efficacy by adopting these tactics, which will eventually result in more sustainable growth and better client engagement in a cutthroat digital environment. This study offers insightful information on how SEM is changing and how important it is to determining how digital marketing will develop in the future.
Keywords:Search Engine Marketing, SEM, SEO, Digital Marketing

REFERENCES
 Chaffey, D. (2024, February 2). Search engine marketing statistics 2024 | Smart Insights.Smart Insights. https://www.smartinsights.com/search-engine-marketing/search-engine-statistics/  Varian, H. R. (2007).Position auctions. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 25(6), 1163–1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2006.10.002  Johnson, C., & Adams, M. (2022).Maximizing ROI with Google Ads: Best practices for PPC campaigns. Journal of Digital Marketing Research, 14(3), 34–46.
o Panchal, A., Shah, A., & Kansara, K. (2021). Digital marketing: Search engine optimization (SEO) and search engine marketing (SEM). International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 5(12), 17.
o Nyagadza, B. (2022). Search engine marketing and social media marketing predictive trends. Journal of Digital Media & Policy, 13(3), 407–425.
o Barney, N., & Horwitz, L. (2022, December 6). search engine marketing (SEM). Search Content Management.
o https://www.techtarget.com/searchcontentmanagement/definition/Search-engine-marketing-SEM

A Comparative Study of Savings, Investment Behaviour, and Work-Life Quality among Nurses
P. Prasad Research Scholar in Commerce,Dr. G. Pasupathi Assistant Professor and Research Advisor, PG& Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu.
Pages: 136-142 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The study focuses on the relation between nurses' investment and savings habits, as well as their work life wellbeing. This study explores the connection between nurses' saving and investment behaviours and their quality of work life (QWL). The study assesses how financial habits as well as job happiness affect the work-life of nurses both in private and public institutions. The study utilized various statistical methods,such as mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression analysis. The variables taken into account includes the following: investment type savings rate work satisfaction and other job-related stress. The findings give prominence to the importance of financial stability in workplaceand alsofurther leadsto improve the financial security of healthcare workers. Keywords: Savings, Investment, Quality of Work Life, Nurses, Financial Well-being, Job Satisfaction, Healthcare, Statistical Analysis

REFERENCES 

 Chappell, N. L., & Novak, M. (2020). Work stress and job satisfaction among nursing home care workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. *Journal of Health and Social Behaviour*, 61(4), 382-395. 

 Green, A., Evans, P., & Spencer, J. (2018). Financial literacy and its effect on stress levels and work performance in nurses. *Journal of Nursing Management*, 26(1), 67-74. 

 Natarajan, S. (2020). Financial literacy, savings, and investment behaviour: The role of financial education. *International Journal of Financial Studies*, 8(3), 57-65. 

 Reinhard, K. S., Smith, M. A., & Lowery, B. L. (2021).The impact of financial stress on burnout and job satisfaction in healthcare professionals. *Nursing Economics*, 39(2), 80-89. 

 Sharma, R., & Dhar, R. L. (2019).The role of work-related stress in healthcare professionals’ quality of work life. *Work & Stress*, 33(1), 45-61. 

 Singh, P., & Choudhury, A. (2021). Impact of financial behaviour on personal well-being: Evidence from healthcare professionals. *Indian Journal of Economics and Development*, 17(4), 203-214.

The Transformative Power of E-Commerce In Chemistry Based Industries
Dr. E. Mubarak Ali Associate Professor & Head, M. Mohamed Ismail Post-Graduate Student, PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu
Pages: 143-147 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The chemical industry, a vital part of global industrial growth, is embracing e-commerce to improve efficiency and streamline operations. E-commerce simplifies procurement, enhances transparency, and reduces costs, enabling chemical businesses to reach global markets. Advanced technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) further optimize supply chains and improve logistics. Applications include purchasing lab chemicals, managing pharmaceutical supply chains, and trading specialty and agricultural chemicals. While challenges like regulatory compliance and logistics remain, e-commerce offers significant opportunities for innovation and sustainability. Adopting these digital tools gives companies a competitive edge and fosters a more efficient and transparent industry.
Keywords: Chemical Industry, E-Commerce, Procurement, Supply Chain, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Iot, Innovation, Sustainability.

REFERENCES
1. Dana, M., Williams. "E‐Commerce." The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, null (2024).:1-2. doi: 10.1002/9781405165518.wbeose099.pub2.
2. Tay, Kin, Bee. "Electronic Business-to-Business Marketplace Transformation in the Chemical Industry: Will the Second Wave Succeed Where the First has Failed?." Archives of Business Research, 10 (2022).:12-42. doi: 10.14738/abr.101.11535.
3. Supriyo, Das., Ignasi, Brunet, Icari., Carlos, Alberto, Santamaria, Velasco. "Innovation through digitalization of chemical industry."10 (2018).
4. Jiang, Jianhao. "Implementation method of B2P electronic commerce model based on chemical industry."null (2017).
5. Sumit, Goklaney. "A Review of Emerging Technology Trends in E-Commerce."Asian journal of multidisciplinary studies, 2 (2014).
6. Mohamad Abu Ghazaleh et al. "Transforming Industrial E-commerce Adoption to Achieve Business Success." Turk Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi (2024). https://doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2024.1411.

Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Purchasing Patterns in Thiruchirappalli District, Tamilnadu
S. Mohammed Safi Assistant Professor, R.Prasanna I M.Com,Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli – 20, Tamilnadu, India
Pages: 148-159 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Social media provides a forum for sharing ideas, thoughts, and feelings with a wider audience; social media has become an essential aspect of everyday life. It is anticipated to be a potent instrument for drawing in new clients because of its extensive reach and quick connectivity. Because social media platforms are frequently visited, whether daily or weekly, they have been ingrained in people's daily lives, which have raised user engagement as usage keeps rising.As to the report, the majority of people utilize different social networking sites many times a day. Users tend to visit social networking sites frequently because they make communication easier, and this increased participation has a big impact on their behavior and thinking. The amount of time spent on social media suggests a deep dedication to these sites. This study set out to investigate the ways in which social media marketing affects Tiruchirappalli district consumers' purchase decisions.

It emphasizes the crucial role social networking sites play in promoting brand recognition and focuses on the elements that influence purchasing decisions. The results and suggestions derived from the statistical analysis of the primary data gathered for the study are covered in the article.
Keywords:Social Media, Buying Behavior, Communication, Social Networking

REFERENCES
1. Dey, A., &Chatterjee, D. (2021). "Social Media Influence on Consumer Buying Behavior in Indian Context." Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 39(5), 560-572.
2. Jadhav, S., Bansal, R., & Gupta, N. (2021). "Social Media Marketing: Impact on Consumer Buying Behavior in India." Journal of Consumer Behavior, 34(2), 102-116.
3. Jain, A., & Kapoor, A. (2024). "Future Trends in Social Media Marketing: The Rise of AR and VR in Consumer Purchasing Behavior." Journal of Digital Marketing, 31(1), 89-101.
4. Kumar, A., &Mirza, A. (2020). "The Role of Social Media in Shaping Consumer Buying Decisions: Evidence from India." Indian Journal of Marketing, 50(6), 14-25.
5. Madhavan, R., & Ramesh, K. (2023). "The Role of Social Media Marketing in Small Towns: Evidence from Thiruchirappalli." Asian Journal of Marketing Research, 8(2), 44-59.
6. Rana, S., Jha, S., &Rai, R. (2021). "Consumer Engagement in Social Media: A Key Driver of Purchase Behavior." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 49(1), 23-38.
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7. Sharma, P., Shukla, S., & Gupta, A. (2023). "Impact of Social Media on Consumer Purchase Intentions in Tier-2 Cities of India." Journal of Business Research, 72(3), 187-199.
8. Soni, P., Srivastava, S., &Kaur, R. (2022). "Social Media Marketing and Its Impact on Consumer Behavior in Semi-Urban Areas." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing, 45(4), 89-101.

An Extensive Adoption with Analysis of Consumer Buying Attitude towards Purchase of Electric Four Wheelers
S. Mohamed Imran Sharif Ph.D. Research Scholar,Dr. M. Balasubramanian Research Advisor & Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
Pages: 160-166 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract 

National Electric Mobility Mission Plan announced by the Government of India, which sets ambitious targets for electric vehicle positioning in India. In predicting the impact of EVs on the Indian grid will allow better planning of new generation and distribution infrastructure as the EV mission is moved on and also forecast the grid impacts from EVs requires information about the electrical energy consumption of different types of EVs in Indian driving conditions. The outcomes indicate purchase price, operating cost, and charging time have a significant negative influence on the intention to adopt electric four-wheelers, while driving range and charging facilities have a significant positive impact, context of safety and reliability are found to be the biggest barriers to the adoption of electric vehicles followed by lack of infrastructural readiness while environmental benefits are found to be the biggest motivators for electric four-wheeler adoption. This study develops an integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) model to analyse the impact of vehicle attributes, service attributes and supporting government schemes on the likelihood to choose an electric four-wheeler in Tamil Nadu, India.
Keywords: Electric vehicle, adoption, generation environment

REFERENCES
 N. Adnan et al.A new era of sustainable transport: an experimental examination on forecasting adoption behavior of EVs among Malaysian consumer Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.(2017)
 S. Asadi et al.Factors impacting consumers’ intention toward adoption of electric vehicles in Malaysia J. Clean. Prod.(2021)
 J. Axsen et al. How might potential future plug-in electric vehicle buyers differ from current “Pioneer” owners? Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2016)
 P. Bansal et al. Willingness to pay and attitudinal preferences of Indian consumers for electric vehicles Energy Econ. (2021)
 N. Berkeley et al. Analysing the take up of battery electric vehicles: an investigation of barriers amongst drivers in the UK Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2018)
 F.A. Bhat et al.Who will buy electric vehicles? Segmenting the young Indian buyers using cluster analysis Case Studies on Transport Policy (2024)
 K.Y. Bjerkan et al. Incentives for promoting battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption in Norway Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2016)
 R. Chakraborty et al. Factors affecting acceptance of electric two-wheelers in India: a discrete choice survey Transp. Policy (oxf). (2023)
 S. Choo et al. What type of vehicle do people drive? The role of attitude and lifestyle in influencing vehicle type choice Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. (2004)
 W. Chu et al. Psychological and behavioral factors affecting electric vehicle adoption and satisfaction: a comparative study of early adopters in China and Korea Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2019).
 N. Adnan et al. A new era of sustainable transport: an experimental examination on forecasting adoption behavior of EVs among Malaysian consumer Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. (2017)
 N. Adnan et al. What make consumer sign up to PHEVs? Predicting Malaysian consumer behavior in adoption of PHEVs Transp. Res.A Policy Pract. (2018)
 S. Asadi et al. Factors impacting consumers’ intention toward adoption of electric vehicles in Malaysia J. Clean. Prod. (2021)
 P. Bansal et al. Willingness to pay and attitudinal preferences of Indian consumers for electric vehicles Energy Econ. (2021)
 M. Baresch et al. Allocation of e-car charging: assessing the utilization of charging infrastructures by location Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. (2019)
 N. Berkeley et al. Analysing the take up of battery electric vehicles: an investigation of barriers amongst drivers in the UK Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. (2018)
 F.A. Bhat et al. Motivators and barriers to the widespread adoption of electric four-wheelers in India – a discrete choice analysis of potential electric four-wheeler buyers Travel Behav. Soc. (2024)
 •F.A. Bhat et al. Who will buy electric vehicles? Segmenting the young Indian buyers using cluster analysis Case Stud. Transp. Policy (2024)
 •K.Y. Bjerkan et al.Incentives for promoting Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) adoption in Norway Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. (2016)
 •M. Burgess et al. Electric vehicle drivers’ reported interactions with the public: driving stereotype change? Transport. Res. F: Traffic Psychol. Behav. (2013)

A Study On Financial Performance of MRF Tyres Limited
A.Asma Banu. Part time Ph.D. Research Scholar, Dr. S. Gopi, Research Supervisor and Assistant Professor of Commerce PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 167-172 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This comprehensive study delves into the financial performance analysis of MRF Tyres Ltd, a prominent player in the tire manufacturing industry. The investigation encompasses a five-year period from 2019 to 2023, utilizing a mixed-method research design that integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study employs various financial ratios, trend percentages, and statistical measures to assess profitability, liquidity, and operational efficiency. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, emphasizing the need for strategic planning. This study will provide valuable insights for stakeholders, guiding MRF Tyres Ltd in navigating industry challenges and capitalizing on emerging opportunities for sustainable growth.
Keywords: Financial Performance Analysis, MRF Tyres Ltd, Mixed-Method Research, Profitability Trends, Liquidity Ratios, Operational Efficiency, SWOT Analysis, Stakeholder Insights, Industry Challenges, Sustainable Growth.

REFERENCES
1. Moneycontrol - https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/mrf/balance-sheetVI/MRF
2. Screener - https://www.screener.in/company/MRF/consolidated/
3. Economic times - https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mrf-ltd/balancesheet/
Companyid-11381.cms
4. Company profile - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRF_(company)

Consumer Attitudes and Preferences in Online Shopping of Gadgets
A.S.Minhaj Begum, Assistant Professor of commerce , PG & Research Department of Commerce , Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
Pages: 173-182 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The growth of e-commerce has revolutionized consumer shopping patterns, providing enhanced convenience, efficiency and accessibility. This study investigates consumer behaviour toward online shopping for gadgets in Tiruchirappalli city, focusing on factors influencing preferences, satisfaction levels, and decision-making processes. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 200 respondents through questionnaires, employing chi-square tests and percentage analysis for interpretation. Key findings reveal that convenience, competitive pricing and 24/7 accessibility are major drivers for online shopping. Technological features such as cash-on-delivery, product quality assurances, and promotional offers significantly impact consumer attitudes. Popular gadgets like mobile phones and laptops dominate online sales, with Amazon being the most preferred platform. The study also identifies a significant relationship between age and satisfaction levels in online gadget shopping.
The research highlights the importance of safety concerns, consumer education, and supply chain optimization for enhancing trust and satisfaction. By understanding evolving consumer preferences and behaviour, online platforms can improve service quality and customer engagement, reinforcing their position as a preferred shopping choice.
Keywords: Online Shopping, Factors, Consumer Behaviour, Customer Satisfaction, Gadgets.

REFERENCES
1. Adam, B. (2018). Global e-Commerce Overview. Interactive Media in Retail Group.
2. Aiden, J. T. (2020). The investigation of the antecedents of an e-commerce trust model. Russia: ProQuest.
3. Adine, & Kathrina, A. P. (2020). Consumers getting savvy about online shopping (Keynote, Interviewer).
4. Christove, M. K., & Chorea, C. L. Z. (2020). Online consumer behavior: A review and agenda for future research. In 29th Bold eCommerce Conference about eTransformation. Thailand.
5. Johnson, R., & Ferdinard, K. W. (2020). Destination and recommendation systems: Behavioral foundations and applications. In E-commerce (CABI). UK.
6. Devasena, G. S. (2020). Encyclopedia of virtual communities, e-commerce, and technologies. London: Idea Group Inc (IGI).
7. Derry, J., & Terry, J. G. (2020). The theory of reasoned action. Japan: Pergamon Press.
8. Gilbert, W. A., & Churchill, D. I. (2020). Data collection: Secondary data. In D. I. Gilbert & W. A. Churchill, Marketing research: Methodological foundations (p. 264).

Digital Transformation for Entrepreneurial Success in the Modern Business ERA
Dr. P. Arivazhagan Assistant Professor of Commerce,Dr. J. Mohamed Sharif Assistant Professor of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
Pages: 183-189 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
In the current business landscape, digital transformation has become a pivotal driver of innovation, enabling entrepreneurs to create new business models, enhance customer experiences, and increase operational efficiencies. This research explores the intersection of digital transformation and entrepreneurship, focusing on how emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, and cloud computing are reshaping entrepreneurial ventures. Additionally, it examines the opportunities and challenges entrepreneurs face in adopting these digital tools, along with the impact of digital transformation on the global economy.
Keywords: Digital Transformation, Artificial Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Ventures

REFERENCES
1. Christensen, C. M., &Raynor, M. E. (2003). The innovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Press.
2. Gartner. (2020). Digital transformation in business: Trends and technologies. Gartner
3. Tapscott, D., &Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: How the technology behind Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies is changing the world. Penguin.
4. Westerman, G., Calméjane, C., Ferraris, P., & Bonnet, D. (2011). Digital transformation: A roadmap for billion-dollar organizations. MIT Center for Digital Business.

A Study on Recovery Chances for Knitwear Industry’s Post Covid-19 at Tirupur District, Tamilnadu
K.P.Maheswari Research Scholar, (Part time Ph.D),Dr.M.Hema Nalini Research Advisorand Associate Professor, PG and Research Department of Commerce, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University),
Pages: 190-205 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Knitwear industry has long served as the foundation of the Indian economy. The COVID-19 outbreaks is having a devastating effect on knitwear industry, which account for about 30percentof India's manufacturing production. One of Tamil Nadu's most prosperous and industrially advanced districts is Tirupur.Tirupur industry creats a new trend in the fashion world.The Indian finance minister published a number of relief measures for knitwear industry during pandemic. As part of the study, a framework for the revival of the knitwear industry has also been put up.The foremost aim of this research is to recognize the recovery chances for knitwear industryin TirupurDistrict, followed by an examination of the relief measures offered to knitwear industryduring post-COVID19. For these, a sample of 330 units was selected using the stratified sampling method. Simple percentage and Chi-square test were used , according to the findings, there is a positive relationship between size of the concern and overall level of satisfaction with recovery measures provided by the government schemes. The majority of the exporters are aware and have implemented the plans. The government has not impressed the knitwear industry because it did not anticipate any borrowings in this situation, not even at a reasonable cost. Although it is anticipated that the programme will benefit the economy and aid in its recovery.
Keyword:Recovery chances,Measures for reinstatement, Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme,Retrieval measures by GoI.

REFERENCES
1. Muthiah, K. (2011) ‘The glowing business growth and darkness beneath: Tirupur knitwear cluster of India’Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 1(1), 1-4.
2. Balamurugan, D., &Rajeswari, R. (2020). ‘A study on Awareness and Opinion of Reward and Recognition Programme among Employees Working in Garment Industries at Tirupur City’International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 10(6), 150-161.
3. Kumar, K., & Sharma, A. (2020). Don't forget the informal sector: reviving manufacturing in India. South Asia@ LSE.
4. Panigrahi, C. M. A., Ashutosh, K., Mehta, S., &Pasricha, S. (2020). ‘Impact of coronavirus outbreak on Indian textile sector’,Journal of Management Research and Analysis, 7(2), 76-83.
5. Somani, M., Srivastava, A. N., Gummadivalli, S. K., & Sharma, A. (2020). Indirect implications of COVID-19 towards sustainable environment: an investigation in Indian context. Bioresource Technology Reports, 11, 100491.
6. Annaldewar, B. N., Jadhav, N. C., &Jadhav, A. C. (2021)‘Impact of COVID-19 on sustainability in textile & clothing sectors. COVID-19:’ Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals, 93-116.
7. Baliyan, R. (2021). ‘A shift in paradigm for apparel industry post COVID 19’Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(13), 5203-5211.
8. Damodaram, A. K., Chakravarthi, S. S., & Reddy, L. V. (2022). ‘Re-engineering Indian apparel and garment supply chain to enhance resilience under uncertain post-covid-19’.
9. López, T. (2023). Situating the Bangalore Export-garment Cluster Within the Garment GPN. In Labour Control and Union Agency in Global Production Networks: A Case Study of the Bangalore Export-garment Cluster (pp. 129-146). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 

10.https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1706040#:~:text=In%20order%20to%20make%20the,Taxes%20on%20Exported%20Products%20(RoDTEP) 11.https://aepcindia.com/system/files/ATUFS.pdf 

12. https://aepcindia.com/system/files/PPE%20Report%20version%200.2.pdf

An Analysis on the Operational Efficiency of Select Impact Investing Automobile Companies
B. Sumaiya Sherin Ph.D. (PT) Research Scholar,Dr. K. Vijayakumar Assistant Professor and Research Supervisor, PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu,
Pages: 206-211 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
In this study the operational efficiency of select impact investing firms are analysed. The automobile companies who are conventional and impact investing and companies who are exclusively electric vehicle manufacturing are chosen for the study. Data for 10 years 2014-2024 is gathered from the company financial reports. Since a number of financial ratios can be used to gauge efficiency. This article uses the fixed asset turnover and cash conversion cycle factors to analyse efficiency.The study's conclusions and the characteristics of the data are described using financial metrics.
Keywords:Operating efficiency, Impact investing, Electric vehicles, Fixed Asset Turnover, Cash Conversion Cycle.

REFERENCES
 Azad, A. M. S., Raza, A., & Zaidi, S. S. Z. (2018). Empirical Relationship between Operational Efficiency and Profitability (Evidence from Pakistan Exploration Sector). Journal of Accounting Business and Finance Research, 2(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.20448/2002.21.7.11.
 Barber, B. M., Morse, A., & Yasuda, A. (2020). Impact investing. Journal of Financial Economics, 139(1), 162–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.07.008.
 Chiappini, H., Marinelli, N., Jalal, R.N.-U. and Birindelli, G. (2023), "Past, present and future of impact investing and closely related financial vehicles: a literature review", Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, Vol. 14 No. 7, pp. 232- 257. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-09-2022-0471.
 Opara, O. C. P. (2024, January 5). Accounting for fixed assets. https://bwjournal.org/index.php/bsjournal/article/view/1685
 Sharma, D., & Chowhan, S. (2014). Impact of Operational Efficiency with Ratio Analysis A Study. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2542042.
 Sherin, B. S., & Vijayakumar, K. (2022). A Study on Investor’s Perception and Awareness towards Impact Investing with Special Reference to investors in the state of Tamil Nadu. In Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) & Bharathidasan University, Research and Reflections on Education (Vol. 20, Issue 4A, p. 89) [Journal-article]. https://www.sxcejournal.com/spe-dec-2022/20.pdf.
 Trelstad, Brian. (2016) Impact Investing: A Brief History - Article - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School. (n.d.). https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=55902
 Venkat Reddy, S., & Maheswari. (2024). A study on fixed assets management. In J.B. Institute of Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews (Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 4798–4807). https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V5ISSUE3/IJRPR23987.pdf.
 Widianingsih, L. P., Kohardinata, C., &Vlaviorine, E. (2024). Renewable Energy Consumption, ESG Reporting, and Fixed Asset Turnover: Does it Work in Asia? International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(1), 552–558. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.15325.

Study on Digital Marketing and its Impact on the Consumer Behaviour in Tiruchirappalli District
Dr. V. Gunasekaran Assistant Professor of Commerce (SF-Men), Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli.
Pages: 212-217 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The concept of digital marketing progress way backs from the 1970s as electronic commerce begins. The need for electronic commerce shoots from the demand of businesses and governments to make better use of figuring out and to apply computer technology to improve customer interaction, business processes, and information exchange. It talks about the techniques and strategies that are used for marketing of the products and services on different digital platforms. Digital marketing aids in fascinating customers as progressively more people are engaged in digital world. Internet is the core area of digital marketing as it is the comprehensive channel of communication accessible for all kind of businesses. The objective of the study is to analyses, the impact of digital marketing on the consumer behaviour, in the quantitative research study, the field survey i.e. face-to-face survey has been conducted with the list of questionnaires. The eligibility of the respondents has been filtered through screening questions. The size of sample is 120 respondents in Tiruchirappalli District. The Conclusion of the study is digital marketers used consumer research from a positivist or interpretative view point and used various methodologies to study consumer behaviour at every phase of the consumption process. Consequently, consumer behaviour has become an integral part of strategic digital marketing plan. Digital marketing research proved that social media marketing is more important.
Keywords: Electronic commerce, Digital marketing, technology

REFERENCES
1) Adjei,MavisT.,CharlesH.Noble,andStephanie M. Noble (2012), “EnhancingRelationships with CustomersThroughOnlineBrandCommunities,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 53, 22-24
2) Brown, J.J. andReingen,H.P.(1987) Social Ties and Word-of-Mouth Referral Behaviour. Journal ofConsumerResearch,vol.14,no.3,p.350-362
3) Bucklin, R. E., &Sismeiro, C. (2003). Amodel of web site browsing behaviour estimated on clickstream data. Journal of marketing research, 40(3), 249-267.
4) Cheung,C.M.K.,Zhu,L.,Kwong,T.,Chan,
G.W.W. &Limayem, M. (2003, June).Online consumer behaviour: a review and agenda for future research, 16th Bled eCommerce Conference, Bled Slovenia, pp.:194-218
5) D. S. Chaubey, L. S. Sharma & Mayank Pant (2013) Measuring the Effectiveness of Online Advertisement in Recalling a Product: An Empirical Study Vol.4 No.2, June 2013

A Study on Employee Engagement in Theoretical Perspective.
M. Jasmine Fairose, Dr. S. Maris Shinia Clarissia Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy-20
Pages: 218-228 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Business organizations have an important role of attracting and retaining the key talent of the industry in order to achieve the competitive edge. In recent times, employee engagement has attracted much of the attention of the industry leaders, HR experts and research experts. This conceptual paper tried to know the key factors and impact of employee engagement, knowing the importance of employee personality dimensions which support the higher level of employee engagement and key drivers of employee engagement. The paper also discussed the key theories of employee engagement. Every organization is coming out with innovative and practical strategies to ensure employees are engaged to the maximum levels. Many factors influence the employee engagement like the policies, work environment, supervisor support, career development, challenging roles and assignments, effective learning and development opportunities, skill enhancement programs, motivational elements, job involvement, leadership role, empowerment, being valued in the organization etc. Two-factor theory, self-determination theory and existence relatedness growth theory were the key employee engagement theories. Katz and khan’s model, Gallup Q12 model, David serota model etc were the key models of employee engagement.
Keywords: Employee engagement, factors, theory, , motivation.

REFERENCES 

1. Archie Thomas, CMA, and Ann MacDi anmid, “Encouraging Employee Engagement”, CMA Management, Jun/Jul 2004. 

2.Fred Luthans, Suzanne J. Peterson “Employee engagement and manager self-efficacy” (2002), Journal of Management Development, Vol. 21 Iss: 5, pp.376 – 387 . 

3. Gretcher Hoover, “Maintaining Employee Engagement when communicating difficult issues”, Communication World, Nov / Dec 2005. 

4. Jteresko, “Driving employee engagement”, www.industryweek.com, Sep 2004. 

5. “Employee Engagement: A mantra for HR Managers”,HRM Review, Aug 2009. 

6. “Story Telling: A new tool for Employee Engagement”, HRM Review, Dec 2009. 

7. Kossyva, D., Theriou, G., Aggelidis, V. and Sarigiannidis, L. (2022), “Definitions and antecedents of engagement: a systematic literature review”, Management Research Review, Vol. 46 No. 5, pp. 719-738, doi: 10.1108/MRR01-2021-0043. 

8. Lopes, S., Dias, P.C., Sabino, A., Cesário, F. and Peixoto, R. (2023), “Employees' fit to telework and work well-being: involuntariness in telework as a mediating variable?”, Employee Relations, Vol. 45 No. 1, pp. 257-274, doi: 10.1108/er-10-2021-0441. 

9. Lee, Y. (2023), “ICT use, internal communication satisfaction, and engagement of working-from-home employees: the moderating role of affiliative tendency”, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 138, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107472. 

10. Mäkikangas, A., Juutinen, S., Mäkiniemi, J., Sjöblom, K. and Oksanen, A. (2022), “Work engagement and its antecedents in remote work: a person-centered view”, Work and Stress, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 392-416, doi: 10.1080/02678373.2022.2080777. 

11. http://retention.naukrihub.com/employee-engagement-drivers.html.

Empowering the Future: A Comprehensive Education and Skill Development Initiative
Dr. S.Latha Maheswari,Dr. S. Sivakumar Assistant Professor of Commerce ,Jamal Mohamed College, (Autonomous) , Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 229-239 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The "Empowering the Future: A Comprehensive Education and Skill Development Initiative" is a transformative program aimed at fostering equitable access to education and equipping individuals with critical skills for success in a dynamic global economy. The initiative addresses gaps in basic education, promotes vocational training, enhances digital literacy, and nurtures entrepreneurial capabilities. Through a holistic approach combining innovative learning methods, community engagement, and industry partnerships, the program empowers underprivileged and marginalized populations, enhances employability, and drives economic growth. Implemented in phases—research, pilot programs, scaling, and evaluation—the initiative ensures adaptability and long-term sustainability. By bridging educational disparities and fostering lifelong learning, this initiative contributes to social empowerment, workforce readiness, and sustainable development on a global scale.
Keywords : Education Access , Skill Development, Vocational Training, Digital Literacy, Entrepreneurship, Lifelong Learning, Workforce Development.

REFERENCES
1. Agrawal, T., &Agrawal, A. (2017). Vocational education and training in India: a labour market perspective. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 69(2), 246–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2017.1303785
2. Hussain Ansari, T. (2018). Role of Education and Skill Development to Promote Employment in India. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329782820 Dr. Rupali Saini & Ankit Chourasiya: Education and Skills Development: The Role of Education..... 183
3. JyotiDekaBharatiVidyapeeth, R., &Batra, B. (2016). The Scope of Skill Development, Employability of Indian Workforce in Context of Make in India: A Study.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362734140
4. Tiwari, P., &Malati, N. (2020). Employability skill evaluation among vocational education students in India. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 12(1 Special Issue), 218–228. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2020.12.01.02.
5. Lok Sabha UnstarredQ.No. 1883, 36th Report of Standing Committee on Labour, Textiles and Skill Development, DeenDayalUpadhyayaGrameenKaushalyaYojana Data for PMKVY is from 2015-16 to Sept 2022; for DDU-GKY from 2014-15 to 2022-23; for JSS and NAPS from 2018-19 to Sept 2022; for CTS from 2018 to Sept 2022
6. Government of india, Ministry of skill development and entrepreneurship, Loksabha, Unstarred question no. 1883, Answered on 19.12.2022 Speed up the skill development programme 1883.

The Challenges and Opportunities for Green Entrepreneurship in India
S.Roofina Banu Assistant Professor of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli 620020
Pages: 240-249 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
At present, the world is at a crossroads where environmental degradation and climate change are pushing economies to adopt green solutions. Green Business or sustainable business focus on technologies that promote sustainability, reduce resource consumption, and minimize waste. India, with its growing economy and commitment to green goals, has become aimportant place for startups that aim to tackle environmental challenges while driving economic growth. Green entrepreneurship means to the creation and management of businesses that focusing environmental sustainability alongside profitability. These ventures focus on minimizing environmental impact through eco-friendly practices, sustainable resource usage, and innovative solutions that address ecological challenges. In India, the push towards green entrepreneurship is gaining momentum due to growing awareness of stake holders, customers, environmentalist and governmental incentives aimed at promoting sustainable development. In the rapidly evolving business landscape of India, entrepreneurs are shifting their focus towards environmental sustainability. Thus, Green entrepreneurship, a rising trend, goes beyond profit margins, aiming to integrate economic activities with ecological well-being. This article explores how sustainable business practices can transform new ventures in India, highlighting the benefits, challenges, opportunities, strategic approaches, and the various governmental initiatives and incentives available to the aspiring green entrepreneurs.

REFERENCES 

 http://financialexpress.com/business/sme-startup- india-catalysing-economic-growth-and-innovation-3715287/ 

 http://vijiramdravi.com.upsc-economic-survey-2023-24/ 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/Green-business/ 

 http://ciiblog,in/impact-of -ai-on-traditional-industries-in-india-opportunities-and -challenges/ 

http://ciiblog.in/green-entreurship-in-india/
 http://ciiblog.in/responsible-ai-shaping-the-future-with-ethical-intelligence/
 “Corporate Sustainability in International Comparison”, Schaltegger et al. (2014)
 Saini, A. et al. 2023. Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Snapshot: Green Entrepreneurship in India. Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs

A Study on How AI Improves Learning and Time Management for Students Globally
Dr. N. Sabrin Assistant Professor,PG & Research Department of Commerce,M.Ayesha Farveen Post Graduate student Department of Commerce (SF- Women)Jamal Mohamed College, (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu.
Pages: 250-259 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study looks at how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can improve student learning and help with time management. It focuses on how AI tools can personalize learning, assist students in staying organized, and increase their overall productivity. The research involved 50 students who used AI-powered platforms like adaptive learning tools and task management apps. The results show that AI can enhance academic performance by customizing learning to fit individual needs and helping students avoid procrastination. Additionally, AI tools make it easier for students to manage their tasks and improve time management.
The study also highlights how AI can benefit students' well-being by offering stress-reducing apps and personalized support. However, it also points out some challenges, such as limited access to AI tools in developing areas and concerns about privacy. Overall, the study emphasizes how AI has the power to change the way we learn, but it's important to use it wisely and make sure every student has access to it.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Student Learning, Academic Performance, Personalized Support

REFERENCES
1. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2019). The role of Artificial Intelligence in personalized student learning. Journal of Educational Technology, 45(2), 112-125.
2. Brown, M., & Williams, T. (2020). The impact of AI-driven time management tools on student productivity. International Journal of Student Development, 38(3), 56-72.
3. Miller, R., & Davis, H. (2021). Exploring AI applications for stress management and mental well-being in students. Journal of Student Health and Technology, 50(4), 78-91.
4. Nguyen, L., & Lee, K. (2021). Challenges and opportunities in the global adoption of AI tools in education. Educational Innovation Quarterly, 12(1), 32-45.
5. Thomas, P., & Patel, R. (2022). Ethical issues in AI-driven education systems. International Review of Educational Ethics, 29(5), 101-115.

A Study on the Impact of Culture on Organizational Performance with Reference to Automotive Industry
Dr. U. Jahir Hussain Assistant Professor of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, TamilNadu.
Pages: 260-265 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Japan's approach to strategic planning is one of the main wonders of their success in controlling global markets for such a long time. Japanese companies have benefited greatly by Hoshin Kanri (planning), which has been shown to be a methodical, disciplined, and comprehensive approach to strategy implementation. This occurred during a period of intense criticism of Western methods for developing and implementing strategies. The organizational culture is one of the main elements of Hoshin Kanri. The purpose of this research project is to investigate how Hoshin Kanri and culture affect organizational performance in high-tech companies.
Keywords: Attitude – (HK) Strategy Deployment- Organizational Culture – Organizational Performance – Business Turnover

REFERENCES
1. Basha, S. A. K., Sridhar, G., Basha, P. R., & Khatua, S. (2023). The effect of process integration on organizational culture for strategic collaboration in automobile industry. The journal of contemporary issues in business and government, 29(1), 483-496.
2. Dr. Kamaljeet Bhatia (2021). “A Study of Organizational Culture And Employee Productivity In Automobile Industry”. Journal for emerging technologies and innovative research. 2021 JETIR October 2021, Volume 8, Issue 10. 275 – 282.
3. Strategic Business Process Management for Organisational Effectiveness:
4. “Marketing challenges for high-tech SMEs”, Gabriela Gliga (Ireland), Natasha Evers (Ireland):
5. High Technology Marketing: Conceptualization and Case Study, Naveen Yadav, Sanjeev Swami, and Prosanto Pal: www.vikalpa.com/pdf/articles/2006/2006_apr_jun_57_74.pdf
6. The potential of market pull instruments for promoting innovation in environmental characteristics, European Commission, Directorate-General Environment:
7. Strategy Orientation Analysis in the Mobile Phone, Modern Economy, 2011, 2, 395-402, doi:10.4236/me.2011.23043 Published Online July 2011
8. The Role of Technology Companies in Promoting Surveillance Internationally Innovation Diffusion and Technology Transfer, Sandra Robinson,
9. Push and pull strategies are promotional strategies used to get the product to its target market, Boundless. "Push and Pull Strategies." Boundless Marketing Boundless, 20 Apr. 2017. Retrieved 22 May. 2017 from
10. Push and Pull Policy in Market-Driven Management, Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management (www.unimib.it/symphonya), n. 1, 2008, pp. 45-64,

Assessment and Assortment of Projects Using Hybrid Mcdm Technique Under Fuzzy Environment Based on Economic Factors
S.Umamageswari Ph.D. Research Scholar,Dr. M. Balasubramanian Research Advisor & Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu
Pages: 266-276 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Selection of project among a set of possible investment alternatives is a tough task that the decision maker (DM) has to face. For evaluation and selection of these projects, a set of six factors, i.e. Net present value, Rate of return, Benefit cost analysis, Payback period, investment size and Time until breakeven are considered. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the methodology of evaluating and selecting the best project by using hybrid multi criteria decision making technique (MCDM), i.e., fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS). The criteria weights are calculated by using Fuzzy AHP whereas the global weights of all five projects(Investment alternatives) are computed based on Fuzzy TOPSIS. Finally, from the findings of this work, the projects are ranked from most important to least important.
Keywords: Investment alternatives, Fuzzy Theory, Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS

REFERENCES
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approach to machine tool selection. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 19(4),
443-453.
2. Archer, N. P., & Ghasemzadeh, F. (1999). An integrated framework for project
portfolio selection. International Journal of Project Management, 17(4), 207-216.
3. Mahmoodzadeh, S., Shahrabi, J., Pariazar, M., & Zaeri, M. S. (2007). Project
selection by using fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS technique. World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, 30, 333-338.
4. Salehi, M., & Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R. (2008). Project selection by using a
fuzzy TOPSIS technique.
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and excreta in agriculture and aquaculture: measures for public health protection.
8. Amiri, M. P. (2010). Project selection for oil-fields development by using the
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9. Dey, P. K., & Ramcharan, E. K. (2008). Analytic hierarchy process helps select site for limestone quarry expansion in Barbados. Journal of Environmental management, 88(4), 1384-1395.
10. Dey, P. K. (2006). Integrated project evaluation and selection using multiple-attribute decision-making technique. International Journal of Production Economics, 103(1), 90-103.

A Study on Customer Awareness towards E-Mandate Registeration with Reference towards Tiruchirappalli District
Dr. K. Indumathi Assistant Professor,Dr. S. Dhilshathunnisa Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
Pages: 277-285 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
E-mandate registration is a digital process enabling automated, recurring payments for services such as subscriptions, loan repayments, and utility bills. Governed by frameworks like the National Automated Clearing House (NACH) and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), it offers a secure, efficient, and paperless mechanism for authorizing and managing payments. Customers provide consent through net banking, debit cards, or Aadhaar-based authentication, facilitating seamless transactions. Enhanced guidelines by the RBI ensure customer protection through features like additional factor authentication, pre-debit notifications, and flexible modification or cancellation options. E-mandate registration streamlines payment systems, benefiting both customers and businesses by ensuring timely payments, reducing manual intervention, and enhancing the overall financial ecosystem.
Keywords:E-Mandate Registration, Recurring Payments, National Automated Clearing House, RBI Regulations, Paperless Payments

REFERENCES
1. Choudhary, L., & Iyer, K. (2024). Usability Challenges in E-Mandate Registration. Published by International Journal of Digital Payment Systems, Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 321–340,June 2024.
2. Kumar, S., & Roy, B. (2024). Consumer Concerns in Automated Transactions: The Case of E-Mandates. Published by Journal of Financial Technology and Consumer Behavior, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 87–10, July 2024 .
3. Parmar, Nilam & Machhar, Suresh. (2022). A Study on the Adoption of E-Payment Systems In India: A Literature Review. 2. 1-12.
4. Rajasekaran, P. (2021). E-Mandates in India: Regulatory Framework and Market Trends. Published by Indian Journal of Banking and Digital Finance, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 45–62, October 2021
5. Reserve Bank of India. (2021). Framework for processing of e-mandates on cards for recurring transactions. Retrieved from https://www.rbi.org.in
6. Rajasekaran, P. (2021). E-Mandates in India: Regulatory Framework and Market Trends.Published by Indian Journal of Banking and Digital Finance, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 45–62, October 2021
7. Reserve Bank of India. (2021). Framework for processing of e-mandates on cards for recurring transactions. Retrieved from https://www.rbi.org.in
8. National Payments Corporation of India. (n.d.). National Automated Clearing House (NACH): Guidelines and standards. Retrieved from https://www.npci.org.in
9. Verma, S., & Chatterjee, N. (2020). Adoption of E-Mandates in Emerging Markets: Challenges and Opportunities. Published by International Journal of Financial Inclusion and Digital Payments, Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 56–75 Date of Publication: March 2020

Digitalisation in Tourism and Opportunities
Vinod Thomas, M. Marimuthu -Research Scholar PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli,
Pages: 286-291 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Digital transformation has revolutionized the tourism industry, leading to extraordinary growth and heightened competitiveness. The industry thrives on the interaction between tourists, service providers, government authorities, and local residents. Digitalization and technological advancements have introduced new opportunities, transforming traditional tourism concepts. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, mobile technologies, cloud computing, Virtual Reality (VR), and social media are reshaping the tourism sector.
Digitalization has influenced consumer behavior, service models, financial management, and the overall travel experience. Tourists now have wider opportunities to explore both conventional and specialized tourism experiences, while service providers leverage technology for operational efficiency and competitive advantage. This study explores the challenges of digitalization in tourism and suggests potential areas for further research.
Keywords: Digitalization, Mobile Technologies, Internet of Things, Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Opportunities, Challenges

References

  • Buhalis, D., &Sinarta, Y. (2019). Real-time tourism experience and smart tourism ecosystems. Tourism Management, 74, 186-198.

  •  Xiang, Z., Wang, D., O’Leary, J., &Fesenmaier, D. R. (2021). Social media and travel information search: An evolving landscape. Journal of Travel Research, 60(1), 23-39.

  • Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., &Ladkin, A. (2020). Smart technologies for personalized experiences: A case study in tourism. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 15, 100409.

  • Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2022). Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 94, 103123.

Financial Performance of Kotak Mahindra Bank
E. Mubarak Ali, P. Purushothaman- Associate Professor & Head, PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli,
Pages: 292-296 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study evaluates the financial performance of Kotak Mahindra Bank, India’s second-largest private sector bank by market capitalization, over the financial years 2019 to 2024. Using key financial ratios such as Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Fixed Assets Ratio, Debt-Equity Ratio, and Proprietary Ratio, the research provides insights into the bank’s liquidity, solvency, and profitability. The analysis highlights significant trends and their implications for the bank’s operational and financial health, offering recommendations for strategic decision-making.
Keywords: Kotak Mahindra Bank, Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability

References

  • Nagalekshmi, V. S., & Das, V. S. (2018). Impact of merger on Kotak Mahindra Bank. Journal of Finance and Banking, 34(3), 123-135.

  •  Vinod Kumar and Bhawna Malhotra (2017). Performance evaluation of Indian private banks using CAMEL approach. International Journal of Banking Studies, 12(4), 45-67.

  •  Ramesh, S., & Iyer, P. (2021). Post-COVID-19 recovery in Indian banking: A focus on digital transformation. Asian Journal of Finance and Economics, 18(2), 112-130.

  • Annual Reports of Kotak Mahindra Bank (2019–2024).

  • Reserve Bank of India Financial Statistics.

  • Economic Times. (2024). "Kotak Mahindra Bank Performance Overview."

Digital Transformations in Business Operations
A. Khaleelur Rahman, PP. Ahamed Badar - Associate Professor & MID PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College ( Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 297-302 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Digital transformation has revolutionized the tourism industry, leading to extraordinary growth and heightened competitiveness. The industry thrives on the interaction between tourists, service providers, government authorities, and local residents. Digitalization and technological advancements have introduced new opportunities, transforming traditional tourism concepts. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, mobile technologies, cloud computing, Virtual Reality (VR), and social media are reshaping the tourism sector.
Digitalization has influenced consumer behavior, service models, financial management, and the overall travel experience. Tourists now have wider opportunities to explore both conventional and specialized tourism experiences, while service providers leverage technology for operational efficiency and competitive advantage. This study explores the challenges of digitalization in tourism and suggests potential areas for further research.
Keywords: Digitalization, Mobile Technologies, Internet of Things, Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Opportunities, Challenges

References

1) International Journal of Applied Research 2017; 3(6): 1118-1122 ( Digital payment systems: Perception and concerns among urban consumers-Dr. M Sumathy and Vipin KP) 

2) Alpesh Shah. Digital payments 2020 the making of a $500 billion ecosystem in India, 2016. 

3)Alpesh Shah. Digital payments 2020 the making of a $500 billion ecosystem in India, 2016.

 4)Rama Bijapurkar RS, MB. Reasons and Attitudes to Using Cash in India. IBGC Working Paper 14-03, (October), 2014. 

5)Results P. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 2010; 15(3).

Study on Digital Transformation in Business Operation: A Study on Tamilnadu, India
M. Sirajudeen, M. Abdul Basith - Assistant Professor of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, I (M.Com) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappall
Pages: 303-311 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract 

This study explores the impact of digital transformation on business operations in Tamil Nadu, India. The rapid adoption of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and data analytics, is reshaping the operational landscape of businesses, especially in sectors such as manufacturing, IT services, and retail. This research aims to identify the factors influencing the adoption of digital transformation, the barriers encountered by businesses, and the subsequent benefits to operational efficiency. Using a descriptive research design, data was collected through structured questionnaires and interviews with business leaders across various industries. The study reveals that while digital adoption is high among large businesses, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face challenges related to cost, employee skills, and infrastructure. The results indicate a positive correlation between digital adoption and improvements in productivity, customer satisfaction, and overall business performance. Furthermore, businesses that invested in employee training and IT infrastructure saw greater success in their digital transformation efforts. The findings suggest that tailored support, including financial incentives and skill development programs, is crucial for SMEs to overcome adoption barriers. This study highlights the importance of strategic leadership in driving digital transformation and its role in enhancing business performance.
Keywords: Digital Transformation, Business Operations, SMEs, Tamil Nadu, Technology Adoption

References

  • Anderson, M., & Robinson, D. (2021). The role of artificial intelligence in digital transformation strategies. Journal of Business Innovation, 15(3), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2021.04.003

  • Brown, L., & Smith, R. (2022). Digital transformation in small and medium enterprises: A case study in India. International Journal of Technology and Business, 27(2), 112-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/02108379.2022.1902471

  •  Chan, T., & Lee, S. (2023). Cloud adoption and its impact on operational efficiency: Evidence from the retail sector. Information Systems Management, 40(4), 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2023.2127384

  •  Gupta, S., & Mehra, R. (2021). Overcoming barriers to digital transformation in manufacturing: A comprehensive framework. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 32(5), 831-850. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-11-2020-0427

  • Hassan, S., & Dissanayake, D. (2024). The effects of digital transformation on supply chain management: An analysis of key drivers. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 29(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-09-2022-0485

  •  Jain, A., & Bansal, P. (2021). Digital innovation and transformation: How businesses in India are adapting to digital change. International Journal of Information Management, 58, 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102274

  •  Kumar, V., & Sharma, P. (2022). The integration of digital transformation and business model innovation. Business Process Management Journal, 28(3), 551-570. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-01-2022-0128

  •  Lin, Z., & Wong, P. (2023). Exploring the role of digital technologies in enhancing customer experience in retail businesses. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 67, 102799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.102799

  •  Mohapatra, A., & Gupta, R. (2022). Digital transformation strategies for SMEs: A comprehensive framework and case study. Small Business Economics, 58(4), 725-745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00563-1Nair, S., & Patel, V. (2021). The impact of digital transformation on organizational performance: A study on Indian businesses. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(3), 789-810. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-12-2020-0434

  •  Patil, M., & Desai, H. (2023). Overcoming the barriers of digital transformation in India's manufacturing sector. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 188, 122338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122338

  •  Patel, A., & Singh, D. (2021). Assessing the organizational impact of cloud computing on digital transformation in Indian businesses. Information Technology for Development, 27(1), 42-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.1842303

  • Ramaswamy, R., & Subramanian, A. (2023). The role of leadership in driving digital transformation in Indian organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36(2), 315-335. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-09-2022-0264

  • Sharma, A., & Soni, V. (2022). A framework for assessing digital maturity in SMEs: A case study from Tamil Nadu. Journal of Small Business Management, 60(2), 294-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1914778

  • Singh, S., & Khanna, A. (2023). The challenges and opportunities of adopting Industry 4.0 technologies in Indian manufacturing firms. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 145(2), 021017. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4052932

  •  Thomas, M., & Yadav, A. (2024). Digital transformation in retail businesses: A review of challenges and success factors. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 71, 102943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.102943

  •  Wang, Y., & Liu, L. (2021). Digital transformation and its impact on business performance in the services sector. Service Industries Journal, 41(5), 292-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2020.1811473

  • Zhang, T., & Lin, J. (2022). The role of big data analytics in the digital transformation journey of Indian firms. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 21(4), 983-1001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622022500133

  •  Zhang, H., & Lee, J. (2024). Achieving competitive advantage through digital transformation: Insights from India’s healthcare sector. Journal of Business Research, 155, 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.10.015

  •  Zhao, R., & Jiang, J. (2023). The impact of digital transformation on innovation in SMEs in India. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 181, 121834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121834

A Study on the Impact of Social Media on Shaping Business Growth in Tiruchirappalli
Lt. Dr. K. Vijayakumar Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli , S. Abdur Rahman I M. Com PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College
Pages: 312-320 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
  This study investigates the influence of social media on modern business, focusing specifically on Tiruchirappalli district in Tamil Nadu, India. In recent years, social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn have become essential tools for businesses to engage with customers, expand market reach, and build brand visibility. The widespread adoption of these platforms by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Trichy has allowed local businesses to overcome geographical barriers and establish a global online presence. Through qualitative research, including in-depth interviews with local business owners, surveys of social media users, and case studies of successful businesses, this research highlights how social media has transformed business practices in the region. Key findings reveal that social media has facilitated cost-effective marketing strategies, enhanced customer engagement, and driven brand loyalty. However, challenges such as digital literacy, intense competition, and limited resources continue to limit some businesses from fully utilizing the potential of these platforms. The study provides practical recommendations for businesses to effectively harness social media for growth and long-term sustainability. It also explores the role of influencer marketing, content creation strategies, and the growing impact of e-commerce on modernizing business models in Trichy. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing investment in social media education and strategic planning for businesses to succeed in an increasingly digital economy.
Keywords: Social Media, Business Growth, Digital Marketing, E-commerce, SMEs.

References

  • Kumar, V., & Shah, D. (2020). The role of social media in entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 120, 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.015

  •  Sharma, S., & Rathi, A. (2020). The impact of social media on SMEs in India: Challenges and opportunities. Indian Journal of Marketing, 50(6), 32-47. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2020/v50/i6/142587

  • Jain, S., & Singh, V. (2020). The role of digital marketing in the success of small businesses in India. International Journal of Digital Marketing, 9(4), 205-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdm.2020.07.003

  • Singh, J., & Soni, P. (2021). Social media marketing for SMEs: A tool for business growth in India. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 29(2), 115-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2021.1883610

  •  Kapoor, M., & Bansal, P. (2021). Leveraging social media for small business growth: Insights from India. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(2), 154-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.105366

  • Mishra, A., & Sahoo, C. (2022). Impact of social media on entrepreneurship in emerging markets: Evidence from India. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior& Research, 28(3), 265-280. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2021-0410

  • Singh, R., & Gupta, K. (2022). Role of social media in building brand identity for small businesses. Asian Journal of Marketing, 16(4), 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJM-10-2021-0625

  • Patel, R., & Verma, R. (2023). Social media platforms as business growth tools for Indian entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 61(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12398

  • K, V. K., &C, J. (2017). A Comparative Study of Indian GST with Canada Model. Journal Of Management and Science, 7(2), 254-258. Https://Doi.Org/10.26524/Jms.2017.34

  • Sadasivan, M. A., & Vijayakumar, K. Social Presence Influence on the Consumers Attitude Towards Online Shopping.

  • Vijayakumar, K., &Nijanthan, R. (2019). A Study on Consumers Buying Behaviour Towards FMCG Products with Reference to Karur District. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) Volume, 6, 265-270.

A Cup of Recognition: Investigating Public Awareness and Perception of Alif Tea Stall in Tiruchirappalli
M. Habeebur Rahman, J. Raja Mohamed - Assistant Professor of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, II M.Com, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University
Pages: 321-327 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study investigates the brand awareness of Alif Tea Stall, a local tea vendor, within the competitive market of Tiruchirappalli. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research explores consumer perceptions, brand recall, and factors influencing brand awareness. The findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of Alif Tea Stall's branding strategies, consumer behavior, and recommendations for enhancing its market visibility.
Keywords: brand awareness, consumer perception, local business, marketing strategy, tea stall, public awareness.

References

  • Kapasi, V. R., & Shaikh, F. F. (2023). A study on consumer perception towards conventional tea stalls and non-conventional franchise tea outlets with reference to Greater Mumbai. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research.

  •  Kumar, A., & Gupta, P. (2021). Consumer behavior towards tea brands in urban India: A case study of Delhi NCR. International Journal of Management Studies

  • Mohamed Ibrahim, M. I., & Habeebur Rahman, M. (2018). Customer satisfaction towards mobile banking services with reference to public sector banks in Tiruchirapalli city. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences

  •  Singh, R., & Sharma, S. (2022). Factors influencing brand loyalty among tea consumers in India: An empirical study. Indian Journal of Marketing

  • Rao, K., & Desai, V. (2020). The impact of branding on consumer purchase decisions: A study of tea stalls in Bangalore. Journal of Business Research

  • Habeebur Rahman, M., & Mohamed Ashik, N. (2019). A study on service quality and user satisfaction towards Ola cabs in Tiruchirapalli city. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 156-161.

  •  Iyer, P., & Nair, S. (2021). An analysis of customer satisfaction in tea shops: Evidence from Chennai city. Asian Journal of Research in Marketing

  • Reddy, M., & Kumar, S. (2020). Brand awareness and its impact on consumer buying behavior: A study on tea brands in Hyderabad. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research

  •  Menon, S., & Joseph, M. (2019). Understanding consumer preferences for traditional versus modern tea outlets: A case study from Kerala. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management

  • Verma, A., & Singh, J. (2023). The role of social media in shaping brand awareness among young consumers: A study on tea brands in India. Journal of Digital Marketing

  • Bhattacharya, S., & Mukherjee, A. (2022). Brand perception and customer loyalty in the Indian tea market: Insights from Kolkata. Journal of Brand Management

The Future of Franchising in Trichy: Adapting to the Digital Age
S. Basheer Ahamed, Ganesh - Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Trichy, I. M.Com,PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous)
Pages: 328-333 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
    The rise of digital technologies has dramatically reshaped various sectors, and franchising is no exception. This study investigates how franchise businesses in Trichy District are adapting to the digital age and what the future holds for them in this evolving landscape. With the increasing influence of e-commerce platforms, digital marketing, and automation, franchisors in Trichy have an opportunity to enhance their operational efficiencies and expand their reach. However, challenges such as financial constraints, cybersecurity concerns, and technical barriers to adoption persist. This research explores these opportunities and challenges by examining how franchise businesses in Trichy are integrating digital tools and technologies. The findings suggest that while franchises are adopting digital technologies, issues related to cost and skill gaps need to be addressed to unlock the full potential of digital transformation. This study offers strategic recommendations for franchisors and franchisees in Trichy to harness digital tools effectively for future growth.
Keywords: Digital Transformation, Franchising, Trichy, E-Commerce

References

  • SB AHAMED, EM ALI (2016), The Impact of Social Media on Consumers buying Behaviour, Primax International Journal of Marketing (PIJM).

  • SIDDIQ, N. M., AHAMED, S. R., KHAN, Y. R., AHMED, M. S., BADHUSHA, M., & MOHAMED, I. A. (2025). Impact of digital payments on the earnings and business operations of roadside street vendors.

  •  Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Consumer Preference and Satisfaction towards Domestic Solar Water Heaters in Tiruchirappalli District

  • SB Ahamed, AM Yahiya (2023), A Study on Youth Perception and Awareness towards Entrepreneurship and Government Schemes in India with Special Reference to Dindigul District, DIGITAL INDIA A Progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 331

  •  Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Decision towards Online Shopping in Tiruchirappalli District

  •  Khan, Y. R., Ahamed, S. R., Ahmed, M. S., Siddiq, N. M., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Examining Students’ Perception of Online Education in Arts and Science Colleges: Perspectives on Personalized Learning and Emerging Educational Technologies.

The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Startups and International Trade in Trichy, Tamil Nadu
Y. Moydheen Sha, S. Hariharan -Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College(Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, I.M.Com PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College
Pages: 334-340 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Blockchain technology is transforming startups and international trade by providing secure, transparent, and decentralized solutions. It streamlines supply chain management, cross-border payments, and smart contracts, enabling startups to overcome traditional barriers like high costs and inefficiencies. Despite challenges such as regulatory hurdles and scalability, blockchain holds immense potential to democratize global market access and foster innovation, driving startups’ integration into the global economy.
Keywords: Blockchain, startups, international trade, supply chain, smart contracts, decentralized finance, innovation, global markets

References

  1. Tapscott, D., &Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin and Other Cryptocurrencies is Changing the World. Penguin.

  2.  Mougayar, W. (2016). The Business Blockchain: Promise, Practice, and the 4th Industrial Revolution. Wiley.

  3. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Retrieved from https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

  4.  Saberi, S., Kouhizadeh, M., Sarkis, J., & Shen, L. (2019). Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretic insights from a multiple case study. International Journal of Production Economics, 211, 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.01.014

  5. Sharma, S., & Sharma, A. (2018). Blockchain and Its Role in the Digital Transformation of Business. Springer.

  6. Kshetri, N. (2018). 1 Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.001

  7. Catalini, C., &Gans, J. S. (2016). Some Simple Economics of the Blockchain. MIT Sloan Research Paper No. 5191-16. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2744751

  8.  Zohar, A. (2015). Bitcoin: under the hood. Communications of the ACM, 58(9), 104-113. https://doi.org/10.1145/2764166

  9. Sato, T., & Goh, M. (2019). The future of blockchain and cryptocurrency in international trade and supply chain. Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 28(7), 743-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2019.1673984

  10. Pujari, D., & Patel, D. (2020). Adoption of Blockchain in Startups: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Innovation Management, 24(8), 2050031. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919620500313

A Study on Effectiveness of Employee’s Training in Capgemini Pvt, Ltd, Tiruchirappalli.
K. Halimunnisa, C. M. Uthra-Associate Professor of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 341-348 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study focuses on the effectiveness of employee’s training programs at the Capgemini branch in Trichy. Like other branches the Trichy office also involved in diverse and complex projects which requires employees to stay updated with the latest skills and tools. The effectiveness of these training programs directly impacts employee’s performance, project outcomes, and the organization’s success. The study examines various aspects of training programs, including their design, delivery methods, relevance to organizational goals, and alignment with employees and management during the training outcomes. By analyzing these factors, the study aims to provide insights into how training programs can be optimized to benefit both employees and the organization.
Keywords: Employees training, performance, Effectiveness.

References

  • Dr. Rs.Sugashwarprashanth, Dr.R.Narasimhan(2024) Study On The Impact Of Mindfulness Training Programs On Employee Performance At Capgemini Technology Services India Limited

  • ShubhangiBharadwaj (2023) Influence of training and development interventions on employee retention at CapgeminiPvt Ltd, Chennai.

  •  Philip Tom: MeGraw Hill Book Company: England (1993) Making performance work effectively

A Study on digital Transmission of Startup Entrepreneurs in Adapted Government Policies at Villupurm District
M.Lalitha- Assistant Professor and Head Department of Commerce Government Arts And Science College Thiruvennainallur
Pages: 349-353 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Sustainable business technologies improve the business standards of entrepreneurs.The rise of banking technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has reshaped industries and created new business opportunities to operate more effectively. With consumers' growing expectations for speed, personalization, and convenience, organizations are under increasing pressure to adapt quickly and efficiently. Digital transformation is about implementing technology and rethinking business strategies, organizational structures, and corporate cultures to align with the evolving banking government policies to the digital landscape. (keywords: Skills, technologies, awareness of government plans).

References

  • Audretsch, D.B Heger, D,. &Veith, T (2015). Infrastructure and Entrepreneurship Small Business Economics, 44(2), 219-230.

  • Arvidonn, V.,& Troels, M.(2018), Generating Innovation Potential: How digital entrepreneurs conceal, sequence, anchor, and Propagate new technology. The Journal of Strategic Information System, 27(4), 369-383.

  • Abubakre,M,Faik,I.,& Mkansi, (2021), Digital entrepreneurship and Indigenous value systems: AnUbuntu perspective. Information Systems Journal, 31(6),838-862.Chicago

  •  Acquier, A., Daudigeos, T., & Pinkse, J. (2017). Promises and Paradoxes of the sharing economy: An organizing framework. Technological Forecasting Social Change,125,-1-10

  •  Alsolamy, M. (2022). Enhancing adaptation of digital entrepreneurship to consumer’s online Purchasing in the COVID-19 pandemic era, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1020/9537325.2022.2110057.

A Study on Impact of Digital Payments System in Small Businesses
M.Jamila Nasiha Assistant professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy-20
Pages: 354-359 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Digital payment methods are becoming more and more essential for routine activities like buying products from neighborhood small businesses. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that influence the use of digital payments by small retailers in trichy city, as well as the expenses and taxes related to the installation of these systems. The study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of digitalization for small retail firms. Even with government and financial institution initiatives to promote digitization, a significant portion of the population lacks basic digital literacy. Several suggestions are provided in the article's conclusion for motivating small retailers to accept and use digital payments. The analyze for the random sampling method. The statistical tool apply for chi- square test and spearman rank correlation

REFERENCE
 Sivakumar.S.Vincent.G. (2016) “Recent trends in cashless economy in trichy city Think India Journal ISSN 0971-1260”. Vol. 22 Issue 10 November 2019 Page8021.
 Rajanna, K. A. (2018). Growth of Cash-Less Transactions in India: Challenges and Prospects. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 6(1), 199–204.
 McKinsey & Company. (2021). the Future of Payments: Innovating in a Digital World. McKinsey Reports.

A Study on Passengers Satisfaction towards Chennai-Tirunelveli Vande Bharat Express in Trichy
Dr. G.Pasupathi Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu,India.
Pages: 360-365 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze Passenger satisfaction with the Vande Bharat Express on Indian Railways in Trichy. The research focuses on gathering feedback to understand passengers' experiences and identify areas for improvement in service delivery. The findings will contribute valuable insights for enhancing the overall quality of the railway service.

REFERENCES
 Dr. M. Abdul Rahuman (2024) A Study on Passengers Satisfaction Towards Tirunelveli-Chennai Vande Bharat Express in Tirunelveli ISBN: 978-81-981331-9-9DOI: 10.25215/8198133194.32
 Mrs. Swathy V B (2023) Vande Bharat Express: A Study on Customer Satisfaction © 2023 JETIR May 2023, Volume 10, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
Emperor Journal of Commerce
Mayas Publication 365
 Mrs. Kalaivani A, Sharmili P (2023)A Study on Customer (Passenger) Satisfaction Towards Railways Transportation Services with Reference to Coimbatore City vol 4, No 5, Pp 2881-2889 ISSN 2582-7421:Www.Ijrpr.Com

Recent Trends in the Cut Flower Trade – A Study with reference to Florists in Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu
Dr. M.Ponnien Selvi Associate Professor and Head, Department of Commerce V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women, Virudhunagar.
Pages: 366-376 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The cut flower trade is the global exchange of fresh flowers for decorative purposes. It involves the cultivation, transportation, and distribution of flowers for use in bouquets, arrangements, events, weddings, and gifts.After going through the previous studied, the research gap was identified and the present title was formulated. The objectives of the study are framed about global trends in cut flower trade, awareness of the respondents about cut flower trade and offer suggestions. The area of the study is in Virudhunagar district. The sample of the respondents is 140 florists who are trader in flowers. Percentage analysis, Association of Attributes and Ranking Techniques are used for analysis and interpretation. Finally, based on the findings of the study, offer suggestions to make the florists involve in cut flower trade.

REFERENCES
 https://aiph.org/floraculture/news/global-trends-in-the-cut-flower-trade/
 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/cut-flowers-market-report
 https://extension.usu.edu/apec/research/cut-flower-industry

A Study on Analyzing the Effectiveness of AI Chatbots in Enhancing Customer Experience in Digital Banking Services
Dr.S. Maris Shinia Clarissia Assistant Professor of Commerce PG & Research Department of Commerce (SF – Women) Jamal Mohamed College, (Autonomous), Trichy– 20
Pages: 377-382 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized customer service in digital banking, with AI-powered chatbots playing a pivotal role in enhancing customer experience. This study examines the effectiveness of AI chatbots in improving customer satisfaction, reducing response times, and managing high query volumes compared to traditional customer service methods. It also explores their influence on customer retention and engagement. By leveraging customer data, AI chatbots deliver personalized experiences, fostering deeper connections with users and promoting long-term loyalty. The research further delves into the challenges and limitations faced by AI chatbots, including issues related to functionality, reliability, and user experience. Based on these findings, the study proposes strategies to optimize chatbot performance and address these limitations. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to provide insights into the role of AI chatbots as transformative tools in digital banking, bridging the gap between technological capabilities and customer expectations. The findings from this research will contribute to a better understanding of how AI chatbots influence customer satisfaction, engagement, and retention while highlighting areas for improvement. This study emphasizes the growing significance of AI-driven solutions in shaping the future of digital banking, making them indispensable for enhancing customer experiences in an increasingly competitive financial landscape.

REFERENCES
 Brown, William & Wilson, George & Johnson, Oliver. (2024). Understanding the Role of Chatbots in Enhancing Customer Service. 10.20944/preprints202408.0321.v1.
 Desiraju, Kanti & Khan, Anupriya. (2024). Enhancing Customer Support Services in Banking Using Generative AI. 288-295. 10.1007/978-3-031-50192-0_25.
 El Bakkouri, Bouchra & Raki, Samira & Belgnaoui, Touhfa. (2022). The Role of Chatbots in Enhancing Customer Experience: Literature Review. Procedia Computer Science. 203. 432-437. 10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.057.
 Zainol, Suraya & Farid, Mohd & Hassan, Sallaudin & Mohd Noor, nor azila. (2022). Understanding Customer Satisfaction of Chatbots Service and System Quality in Banking Services. International Journal of Information Technology and Management. 15. 142-152. 10.22059/jitm.2022.89417.

Exploring Key Factors Influencing the Work life balance of Women Employees
S. Sanjana Research Scholar Jamal Mohamed College(Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli-620020
Pages: 383-399 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study looks into the primary factors of Work life balance for women working in the IT sector in Bengaluru, with an emphasis on organizational culture, support, career development possibilities, and leadership. Using a quantitative research technique, structured questionnaires were distributed to 475 women working at various IT companies in Bengaluru. The study seeks to understand how these factors influence employee Work life balance and provides practical recommendations for improving workplace practices. The findings show that all four factors—organizational culture, organizational support, career development possibilities, and leadership—have a significant impact on the Work life balance of women employees. A positive organizational culture, defined by inclusivity and shared values, promotes a sense of belonging while lowering stress. Effective organizational support, such as flexible work arrangements and mentorship programs, can reduce job-related stress and increase job satisfaction. Career development opportunities are critical for professional progress, leading to increased job satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. Additionally, transformational leadership that exhibits inspirational drive and individual consideration is vital in developing a supportive work environment. Organizations that want to promote the Work life balance of their female employees should priorities building a positive culture, providing strong support networks, providing career development opportunities, and exhibiting effective leadership.

REFERENCES
 Amato, P. R. (2003). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1269-1287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.01269.x
 Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire manual. Mind Garden.
 Baral, R., & Bhargava, S. (2010). Work-family enrichment as a mediator between organizational interventions for work-life balance and job outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(3), 274-300. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941011023749
 Bhargava, S., & Baral, R. (2009). Work-life balance practices in India: A qualitative study. South Asian Journal of Management, 16(2), 109-133.
 Bloom, N., & Van Reenen, J. (2006). Management practices, work-life balance, and productivity. World Management Review, 8(3), 185-198.
 Braunstein-Bercovitz, H., Frish-Burstein, M., & Benjamin, B. (2013). Personality and work-family conflict: Relationships with burnout and life satisfaction. International Journal of Stress Management, 20(3), 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033211
 Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2022). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
 Catalyst. (2007). The double-bind dilemma for women in leadership: Damned if you do, doomed if you don’t. Catalyst.
 Denison, D. R. (1996). What is the difference between organizational culture and organizational climate? A native's point of view on a decade of paradigm wars. Academy of Management Review, 21(3), 619-654.
 Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
 Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2003). The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 807-834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.004
 Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
 Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72-92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
 Jain, A. (2009). Flexible work arrangements: A strategy for employee retention. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(4), 765-776. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190902771139
 Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2024). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
 Kahn, R. L., & Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 571-650). Consulting Psychologists Press.
 Khosla, M. (2019). Gender-specific challenges in male-dominated industries: A case study of IT sector employees in India. Gender in Management, 34(2), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-07-2018-0091
 King, Z., Burke, R. J., & Pemberton, J. (2021). Women at the top: The roles of self-management and organizational support. Journal of Management Development, 40(3), 276-293.
 Kong, H. (2013). The role of work-life balance in career development: Insights from career satisfaction studies. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33(2), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.10.001
 Kotter, J. P., & Heskett, J. L. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. Free Press.
 McCarthy, A., Darcy, C., & Grady, G. (2017). Work-life balance policy and practice: Understanding line manager attitudes and behaviors. Human Resource Management Journal, 17(2), 93-109.
 Meyerson, D. E., & Fletcher, J. K. (2000). A modest manifesto for shattering the glass ceiling. Harvard Business Review, 78(1), 127-136.
 Mitnick, D. (2006). The balancing act: Women and work-life balance. Journal of Family Studies, 12(1), 45-58.
 Morrison, R. (1992). Gender differences in work-life balance challenges. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(4), 313-327.
 Nabong, T. (2012). Managing work-life balance in organizations: Strategies for effectiveness. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 4(1), 15-27.
 Noe, R. A., & Wilk, S. L. (2024). Employee development in a changing workplace. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 11(1), 201-222.
 Patel, T. (2005). The decline of the extended family in India. Sociological Perspectives, 48(2), 111-134.
 Rehman, S., & Roomi, M. A. (2012). Gender and work-life balance: A phenomenological approach to building understanding. Journal of Small Business Management, 50(4), 619-642. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00373.x
 Reddy, N. G., Vranda, M. N., Ahmed, A., Nirmala, B. P., & Siddaramu, B. (2010). Work-life balance among married women employees. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 32(2), 112-118.
 Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2023). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714.
 Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
 Selvarajan, T. (2013). Exploring the dimensions of social support in work-life balance. Indian Journal of Social Work, 74(3), 345-362.
 Warr, P. (2002). Psychology at work. Psychological Review, 109(4), 678-690.

A Study on the Role of Digital Wallets in Reducing Cash Transaction
M. Jasmine Fairose Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce (SF – Women) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),Trichy – 20
Pages: 400-406 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The adoption of digital wallets has rapidly gained traction in India, offering a modern alternative method to traditional cash transactions. This paper explores the role of digital wallets in reducing cash usage, comparing them with traditional methods and identifying the factors influencing their adoption. India, a historically cash-dominated economy has seen a gradual shift towards digital payments, driven by the Government initiatives such as Digital India Campaign and the demonetization policy of 2016. Digital wallets such as Paytm, PhonePe, Google Pay offer convenient, secure and efficient means for conducting financial transactions. However, there are some challenges including limited access to technology, digital literacy gaps and concerns about cyber security. By assessing these factors, the paper examines the barriers to widespread digital wallets adoption in India and outlines the reason for continued reliance on cash. It concludes that while digital wallets have significantly reduced cash transactions in urban areas, further efforts are needed to bridge the digital divide and improve trust in digital systems to ensure broader acceptance across the country.

REFERENCES
1. Christian, A., Santoso, H. B., & Kusumastuti, D. L. (2024, January). Factors Influencing the Adoption and Usage of E-Wallets. In 2024 3rd International Conference on Digital Transformation and Applications (ICDXA) (pp. 103-108). IEEE
2. Mazhar, S., Frederick, A. J., & Lal, N. (2023). Adoption of Digital Wallets Among Youth and its Impact on Financial Self Efficacy. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 18(2).
3. Ranjith, P.V., Kulkarni, S., &Varma, A. J. (2021). A literature study of consumer perception towards digital payment mode in India. Psychology and Education, 58(1), 3304-3319.
4. Yang, M., Mamun, A. A., Mohiuddin, M., Nawi, N. C., & Zainol, N. R. (2021). Cashless transactions: A study on intention and adoption of e-wallets. Sustainability, 13(2), 831.
5. Singh, G. (2019). A review of factors affecting digital payments and adoption behaviour for mobile e-wallets. International Journal of Research in Management & Business Studies, 6(4), 89-96.
6. Akhila Pai, H. (2018). Study on consumer perception towards digital wallets. IJRAR, 3, 385-391.
7. From Times of India; “Panipuri seller from Tamil Nadu receives GST notice after earning Rs 40 lakh through online payments”

Enhancing Business Flexibility: The Role of Digital Transformation in Driving Operational Agility and Resilience
C. Ramaiyan Ph.D – Part Time Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, VISTAS, Pallavaram, Chennai.
Pages: 407-412 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Digital transformation has emerged as a critical strategy for businesses aiming to enhance operational agility and resilience in today’s volatile market landscape. This article explores the role of digital technologies in fostering business flexibility, enabling organizations to adapt quickly to change, and ensuring continuity during disruptions. It examines innovative practices, challenges, and strategies associated with digital transformation while highlighting its impact on efficiency, customer satisfaction, and competitive advantage. The findings emphasize the importance of a structured approach to technology adoption, aligning it with organizational goals to drive sustainable growth. Moreover, the article discusses the influence of leadership, workforce training, and cultural adaptability on the success of digital initiatives. It also highlights how digital transformation can support businesses in achieving sustainability goals and fostering collaboration across global networks.

REFERENCES
1. McKinsey & Company (2023). The Role of Digital Transformation in Business Agility.
2. Gartner (2022). AI and Resilience: The Future of Business Operations.
3. Deloitte (2023). Cloud Computing as a Catalyst for Operational Agility.
4. World Economic Forum (2022). Collaborative Approaches to Digital Transformation.
5. PwC (2023). Strategies for Overcoming Barriers to Digital Adoption.
6. Accenture (2023). Driving Innovation Through Digital Tools.
7. Forrester Research (2023

Unveiling the Financial Health of HDFC Bank : A Study of Key Indicators and Ratios
N.Prathisvaran ,II M.Com, PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),(Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
Pages: 413-422 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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ABSTRACT

HDFC Bank, one of the India’s leading private sector banks , is known for its comprehensive financial services and Innovative solutions .Established in 1994, it operates under the Reserve Bank’s India’s guidelines and provides a wide range of banking and financial products including retail banking , wholesale banking ,and treasury operations. HDFC Bank is a critical player in India’s banking landscape, contributing significantly to economic growth and financial inclusion. HDFC Bank, incorporated in1994, is one of India’s largest and most prestigious private sector banks. It operates under the Reserve Bank of India ‘s guidelines, offering a diverse range of financial products and services tailored to Individuals, business and institution. HDFCBank has received numerous awards for its performances, customer services and economic growth, financial inclusion, and technological advancements in India’s banking sector. 

REFERENCES

  • Dr. Saranya William (2022), A Study on Financial Performance of HDFCBank, International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM) Volume 4, Issue 6 June 2022, pp: 557-564www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-525
  • N. K. Shanmugam and T. Yamuna (2023), A study on financial performance analysis of HDFC bank. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2023, 08(02), 343–350.
  • Dr. I. Chitra (2024), A Study on Financial Performance of HDFC Bank in India. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development (AJMRD) Volume 06, Issue 09 (September - 2024), PP 50-62 ISSN: 2360-821X www.ajmrd.com.
  • Dr.A.Meenakshi(2023),FinancialAnalysisofHDFCBank
  • Vijayakumar K. &Padmanaban R. (Dec, 2022)., UGC Care Listed Journal : Research and Reflections on Education: A Study on Factors affecting the Consumer Intention towards Online FoodDeliveryServices ::Vol 20 No. 4A :: ISSN 0974-648X (P)
  • Vijayakumar K. &SumaiyaSherin (Dec, 2022)., UGC Care Listed Journal : Research and Reflections on Education : A Study on Investor’s perception and Awareness towards Impact Investing with special referenceto Investors in the state of Tamil Nadu :: Vol 20 No. 4A :: ISSN 0974-648X (P)
  • VijayakumarK.&ShafiC.K.(Dec,2022).,UGCCareListed Journal:Researchand Reflectionson Education: A Study on Financial Performance of Maharashtra StateElectricity Distribution Company Ltd. :: Vol 20 No. 4A :: ISSN 0974-648X (P)
  • Vijayakumar K. &AswathySadasivan (June 2023)., UGC Care Listed Journal : The Third Concept: An International Journal of Ideas : The Mediating Role of Information Trust on Usage: A Study on Purchase Decision by Socially Present Consumer :: Vol- 37No-436 : ISSN 0970-7247
  • Vijayakumar K. &AswathySadasivan (Nov, 2023)., UGC Care Listed Journal : The Third Concept: An International Journal of Ideas : Social Presence Matters: Effect of Social Media Usage and social Media Interaction on Purchase Decision : Vol-37No-440: ISSN 0970-7247
  • Vijayakumar K. &SumaiyaSherin(Nov, 2023)., UGC Care Listed Journal : The Third Concept: An International Journal of Ideas : Future Prosperous of E-Vehicle Manufacturers in the Indian AutomotiveSector: An Impact Investing Avenue : Vol- 37No-441 : ISSN 0970-7247
  • AswathySadasivan&Vijayakumar K. Social Presence Influence on the Consumers Attitude towards Online Shopping.
  • Vijayakumar K. &Nijanthan R. (2019). A Study on Consumers Buying Behaviour towards FMCG Products with reference to Karur District. International Journal of research and analytical reviews (IJRAR) Volume,6, 265-270.
  • Vijayakumar. K. & Rajesh.,A Study On Customer’s Insight Towards Cross Selling Practices Of Icici Bank In Thrissur District, Kerala.
  • Vijayakumar K. n. Sabrin., A study on Patients’ Perception on Service Quality of Private Hospitals in Tiruchirappalli District
  • Vijayakumar K. &AswathySadasivan. Social Presence Influence on Purchase Bhaviour – A Theoretical Go Through.
A Study on Diversity and Inclusion Global Business in Tiruchirappalli District
Dr.N.Rajamannar, Research advisor, Associate professor of commerce, Urumu dhanalakshmi college, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli,.
Pages: 423-431 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This research explores the significance of diversity and inclusion in enhancing global business opportunities within the Tiruchirappalli District. With its rich cultural heritage and growing entrepreneurial environment, Tiruchirappalli provides a unique context to examine how diverse perspectives, and inclusive approaches foster innovation and economic growth. The study evaluates the contributions of local businesses, educational institutions, and community organizations in creating equitable opportunities for underrepresented groups, including women, marginalized communities, and individuals with disabilities. By utilizing a combination of surveys, interviews, and case studies, the research identifies the challenges and benefits of integrating diversity and inclusion into global business strategies. The findings suggest that organizations that adopt inclusive practices experience heightened creativity, enhanced problem-solving skills, and broader market access.

REFERENCES
 Krithi, pai, Ramesh (2021). A case study on diversity and inclusion of the IT sector: A road map for organizational advancement. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 3(03), 619–627.
 Mahmud, M. S., Majid, M. B., Yusof, Y., Foziah, N. H. M., Sabir, I., Mahmood, H., & Nawal, A. (2020). Evaluating Effect of Workforce Diversity on Employee’s Innovativeness: Testing Mediation and Moderation Model. age, 11(3), 273-282.
 Kachouri, M., Salhi, B. and Jarboui, A. (2020), "The impact of gender diversity on the relationship between managerial entrenchment and corporate social responsibility: evidence from UK companies", Journal of Global Responsibility, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 197-217.
 Duppati, G., N. Rao, F. Scrimgeour, and N. Matlani. 2019a. “Gender Diversity Reporting,Performance, and Exogenous Shocks: Evidence from New Zealand.” International Journal ofContemporary Management. Forthcoming.
 Itam, U., & Bagali, M. M. (2019). Diversity and Inclusion Management: A Focus onEmployee Engagement. In Gender and Diversity: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, andApplications (p. 1771-1788). IGI Global.
 Scarborough William J., Lambouths Danny L., Holbrook Allyson L. 2019. Support ofworkplace diversity policies: The role of race, gender, and beliefs about inequality. SocialScience Research 79:194-210.
 Zhuwao, S.; Ngirande, H.; Ndlovu, W.; Setati, S.T. Gender diversity, ethnic diversity andemployee performance in a South African higher education institution. SA J. Hum. Resour.Manag. 2019, 17, 1–8.

Courier Services in Trichy: A Comparative Analysis of Private and Public Providers
Dr.M. Habeebur Rahman Assistant Professor of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 432-439 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study investigates consumer satisfaction levels towards private courier services and government postal services in Trichy district, with a focus on delivery speed, cost effectiveness, reliability, and customer service. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys and interviews with customers who utilize both types of services. The findings reveal that private courier services are preferred for their expedited delivery and efficient tracking systems, albeit at a higher cost. Conversely, government postal services are valued for their affordability and extensive reach, despite criticisms regarding slower delivery times. The research elucidates key differences in consumer expectations and experiences between the two service providers and examines the impact of demographic variables on customer preferences. Recommendations are provided to enhance the performance of both sectors.

REFERENCES
1) Birajdar, C., &Joshia, A. (2016). Review of customer satisfaction for Indian postal services. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (IJMHRM), 7(3), 49-59.
2) Ezhilarasi, &Rajasekaran. (2019). A study on customer satisfaction and service quality in Indian postal services towards Thanjavur district. International Journal of Research and Review (IJRAR), 6(1).
3) Dr. M. Habeebur Rahman, &I.Ashiq Mohamed. (2019). A study on consumer behavior towards banking services with private sector banks in Tiruchirappalli. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(1), 120-125.
4) Dr. M. Habeebur Rahman, & N. Mohameed Ashik. (2019). A study on service quality and user satisfaction towards Ola cabs in Tiruchirappalli city. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(1), 156-161.
5) Dr. M. Habeebur Rahman, & N. Mohameed Ashik. (2020). A study on customer satisfaction towards 4G connectivity of service providers in Tiruchirappalli city. Our Heritage, 68(17).
6) Tang, R. Q., &Jie, Y. (2022). A study of courier service quality and customer satisfaction. International Journal of Advanced Business and Information Management (IJABIM), 7(1), 137-150.
7) Kidwai, A. G., &Maqbool, A. (2024). India Post vs private courier services in the central region of Uttar Pradesh. Vol. 64, No. 4, 2024.

An Overview of Digital Transformation in Business Environment
Dr.V. Venkatachalam Assistant Professor Department of Commerce PSG College Arts & Science
Pages: 440-445 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Every entrepreneur needs to be aware of the shifts in consumer preferences and market trends in order to stay competitive in the market and accomplish their business objectives. It may be essential to use modern digital technologies and software for improving product value and communicating with customers. In this case, the rapid adoption of new innovative technologies is altering the competitive environment and calling for modifications to general market strategies, methods, and procedures. In this case, digital entrepreneurship is crucial to an entrepreneur's capacity to carry out each task accurately and successfully. This is how digital apps are employed, which benefits any entrepreneur looking to increase the market value of their product and grow their business in both traditional and technical ways. The study revealed the benefits of digital entrepreneur and how to improve the digital entrepreneurship and what are the challenges faced by the digital entrepreneurs.

REFERENCES
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.ijirmps.org/papers/2018/4/160.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwif1PK_q5qIAxWD4DgGHba3EToQFnoECB8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw0saEW1qYT0QuSJ_Ghn_rU1
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353915042_DIGITAL_ENTREPRENEURSHIP&ved=2ahUKEwjwzMOjrpqIAxUmzzgGHRWZF_w4ChAWegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw1aKOPsYPEMDxVufqGAjWd7
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.irjmets.com/uploadedfiles/paper//issue_10_october_2023/45242/final/fin_irjmets1697447770.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjvuZ7JrpqIAxVH4zgGHfzUMTI4FBAWegQIERAB&usg=AOvVaw1oTjkumatiZQ08CS-ML-KO
 https://benchkart.com/blog/tips-for-successful-digital-entrepreneurs/

A Study on Students’ Perception for Choosing Entrepreneurship as Career Choice with Special Reference to Tiruchirappalli City
Dr.S. Saleem Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli-20
Pages: 460-469 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The study explores students' perceptions of entrepreneurship as a potential career choice. It aims to understand the factors that influence students in considering entrepreneurship, the opportunities and challenges they associate with it, and how these perceptions vary across different demographics such as age, gender, and academic background. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and interviews with students from various academic institutions. Findings indicate that while students are increasingly interested in entrepreneurship, the lack of adequate resources, mentorship, and fear of failure are significant barriers to their career decisions. The study highlights the importance of fostering entrepreneurial skills and providing support systems within educational institutions to encourage students toward entrepreneurship.

REFERENCES
1. Nabi, G., Walmsley, A., & Liñán, F. (2017).The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(3), 353-371.
2. Zhang, L., & Li, X. (2020) Entrepreneurial intention: The role of education, social networks, and family background. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 14, e00189.
3. Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015) The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75-93.
4. Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009) Development and cross-cultural application of a reliable and valid measurement instrument of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.
5. Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007) Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), 353-385.
6. Pruett, M., Shinnar, R. S., Toney, B., Llopis, F., & Fox, J. (2009)Explaining entrepreneurial intentions of university students: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 15(6), 538-553.
7. Dyer, W. G., Gregersen, H. B., & Christensen, C. M. (2009)Entrepreneur behaviours, opportunities, and decision-making processes: Insights from the study of entrepreneurship in the United States. Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 18-32.
8. Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005) The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265-1272.
9. Luthje, C., & Franke, N. (2003) The “making” of an entrepreneur: Testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, 33(2), 135-147.

E- Commerce Innovation and Global Business Expansion
Dr.N.A.Nazrine Assistant Professor of Business Administration Jamal Mohamed College(Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli -20Tamilnadu
Pages: 470-487 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
E-commerce has emerged as a transformative force in global business, reshaping traditional trade practices and enabling unprecedented market access. This study explores the role of innovation in e-commerce as a catalyst for global business expansion. Key advancements such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and augmented reality have revolutionized customer experiences, streamlined operations, and enhanced supply chain transparency. Innovative business models like subscription services, direct-to-consumer strategies, and peer-to-peer marketplaces have allowed companies to penetrate new markets, adapt to consumer preferences, and scale operations efficiently. By leveraging these innovations, businesses can overcome geographical barriers, reduce operational costs, and create personalized customer journeys that enhance brand loyalty. Despite its vast potential, global e-commerce expansion is not without challenges. Companies must navigate complex regulatory frameworks, address cultural differences in consumer behavior, and overcome logistical hurdles in underserved regions. Cybersecurity concerns and data privacy regulations further underscore the need for robust systems to build trust in digital ecosystems. Through a combination of technology adoption and localized strategies, businesses can maximize the opportunities presented by e-commerce while mitigating associated risks. This study highlights the critical role of e-commerce innovation in driving sustainable global growth and provides actionable insights for businesses and policymakers to harness its full potential.

REFERENCES
 Zhao, W., & Li, Y. (2024). Integration of AI and machine learning in e-commerce platforms: Predictive analytics for personalization and global expansion. Journal of E-commerce Technology, 56(3), 123-137.
 Nguyen, T. H., & Tran, S. P. (2023). Blockchain and cryptocurrency in cross-border e-commerce: A transformative approach to secure global transactions. International Journal of Digital Commerce, 47(2), 92-105.
 Brown, A., & Williams, C. (2023). Mobile commerce and global business expansion: The rise of mobile payment systems and localized shopping experiences. Global Marketing Review, 58(1), 210-222.
 Zhang, M., & Sun, X. (2022). Leveraging social media platforms for global e-commerce success: The rise of social commerce. Journal of Digital Marketing, 44(4), 145-157.
 Kim, Y., & Park, J. (2022). Cross-border e-commerce: Overcoming regulatory, cultural, and logistical barriers for international success. E-commerce Research Journal, 39(2), 78-91.
 Patel, D., & Sharma, R. (2021). Augmented and virtual reality in e-commerce: Enhancing the customer experience for global growth. Journal of Retail Technology, 62(3), 68-80.
 Singh, A., & Gupta, P. (2021). Innovating supply chain strategies for global e-commerce expansion. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48(1), 101-113.
 Harrison, R., & Martin, K. (2020). Subscription-based business models and global scalability in e-commerce. Global Business and Economics Review, 53(2), 89-102.
 Chen, W., & Zhou, L. (2020). Digital payment systems and their role in expanding global e-commerce. Journal of Financial Technology, 36(4), 123-136.
 Johnson, H., & Lee, Y. (2019). Artificial intelligence in e-commerce: Personalized shopping experiences and global competitiveness. Journal of Business Intelligence, 49(3), 254-267.
 Sullivan, M., & Carter, J. (2019). The globalization of e-commerce: Opportunities and strategies for emerging markets. International Journal of Marketing Research, 32(2), 199-213.
 Chen, Y., & Wang, J. (2018). Mobile commerce and global e-commerce expansion: The role of mobile devices in consumer engagement. Journal of Mobile Technology in Business, 28(1), 40-53.
 Lee, H., & Kim, S. (2018). Social commerce and the future of global e-commerce: Integration with social media platforms. Journal of Internet Marketing, 41(2), 118-130.
 Tiwari, S., & Kapoor, V. (2018). Blockchain adoption in e-commerce: Enhancing transparency, security, and global trust. International Journal of Blockchain Applications, 23(3), 89-101.
 Adams, T., & Miller, R. (2018). Market entry strategies for global e-commerce businesses: Overcoming cultural and regulatory barriers. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(4), 185-197.

The Study on WhatsApp Business Tools: Business User Perspectives
Dr.M. Hajeera Begam Assistant Professor of Commerce PG Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 488-493 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The adoption of the WhatsApp Business tool has emerged as a pivotal strategy for businesses aiming to streamline communication, enhance customer engagement, and foster brand loyalty. This study explores the business perspective of utilizing WhatsApp Business, focusing on its role in improving customer relationship management, marketing outreach, and operational efficiency. Through an analysis of real-world applications, the study examines how businesses leverage features like automated messaging, catalogs, and quick replies to optimize interaction. It also delves into challenges such as data security, integration with other systems, and scalability. The findings underscore the tool's potential to drive growth, particularly for small and medium enterprises, by offering a cost-effective and user-friendly platform. This study highlights the strategic value of WhatsApp Business as a transformative communication tool in the digital age.

REFERENCES
1. Rofiyustisiani, A. A., Kartikasari, A., Pitaloka, D. A., Kinasih, G. S., Fauzi, H. N., Yulaikasari, I. P., ... & Parahita, B. N. (2025). Optimalisasi Pemberdayaan UMKM Desa Berbasis Teknologi Digital. Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial, 2(3), 3144- 3149.
2. De, A. (2024, May). A Situated-Infrastructuring of WhatsApp for Business in India. In Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1- 7).
3. Handijono, A., Gunarto, R. I., & Sutrisna, E. (2024). Memanfaatkan Whatsapps Business untuk Promosi dan Penjualan. Jurnal PKM Manajemen Bisnis, 4(1), 48-55
4. Intan, N., & Dedu, M. (2024). Optimizing Sales of Candied Mangoes through Digital Martketing on the Whatsapp Business Platform. Indonesian Journal of Business Analytics, 4(2), 371-380.

GST’s Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Indian Economy
S. Jafar Sathik, full time Ph.D. schcolar,,PG & Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 494-502 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Cascading and distorted taxes on the production of goods and services characterize indirect taxation, which reduces efficiency and retards economic development. In the current setup, there are a plethora of taxes, but only a small fraction is collected by the federal government (the "Center"). To eliminate this tax complexity and reduce the cost on taxpayers, a streamlined tax like a goods and services tax is required (GST). The purpose of this research is to examine how the Goods and Services Tax has affected business in India. In order to be considered effective, a social plan or programmed must enhance the welfare state, reduce social inequality, and contribute to the growth of the nation. The Goods and Services Tax will significantly alter the current framework of India's tax system, and this article provides a conception of such changes. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is unique among indirect taxes in that it affects every economic and industrial sector, as far as I am aware. As a federal democratic nation, India implemented the GST simultaneously at the federal and state levels as CGST and SGST. This article set out to do just that, with an emphasis on India and its implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST). The early effects on the economy and the difficulties the government faced implementing it are then discussed.

REFERENCES
 Rymarczyk, J. (2019). Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0: Theoretical Considerations Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship. 10.15678/EBER.2020.080110
 Kumar,M. (2019). Impact of Digitalization on Economy in India.International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology.ISSN no: 2456-2165, 4(5). 3
 Kaul,M.,andMathur,P. (2017).Impact of digitalization on Indian Economy and requirement of financial literacy Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Innovations in Engineering and Technology. ISBN: 978-93-86291-63-9
 Singh,P. (2017). Impact of Digitalization on small and medium scale enterprises in India.Indian Journal of Research.ISSN - 2250-1991, 6(4). 2
 Maiti, M., and Kayal,P. (2017). Digitization: its impact on economic development & trade with special reference to services and msme sector of india.Asian Economic and Financial Review. ISSN(p): 2305- 2147, 7(6).9
 Khan, S., Khan, S., and Aftab,M. (June 2015). Digitization and its Impact on Economy. International Journal of Digital Library services .ISSN 2250-1142, 5(2). 12
 Pavithra, S., & Kannan, B. (2024). GST composition scheme on small taxpayers in Tamil Nadu. The Indian Journal of Commerce, 77(1), 49-61.
 Pavithra, S., & Kannan, B. (2025). Deciding between ITC and composition scheme: A guide for small businesses in the GST era. The Chartered Accountant, 73(7), 59-66.
 Garg, Girish (2014). Basic Concepts and Features of Good and Services Tax in India. International Journal of scientific research and Management, 2(2), 542-549
 Bird, Richard M. (2012). The GST/HST: Creating an integrated Sales Tax in a Federal Country. The School of Public Policy, SPP Research Papers, 5(12), 1-38
 Agrawal, P. and Sen, S., 2017. Digital Economy and Microfinance. PARIDNYA-The MIBM Research Journal, 5(1).
 Pavithra. S, & KANNAN. B. (2024). Impact of Composition Scheme in New GST Regime in Tamil Nadu. South India Journal of Social Sciences, 22(4), 01-09. https://doi.org/10.62656/SIJSS.v22i4.1274
 Neeraj Sharma and Nidhi Maheswari, “Growth and Governance, Indian Real Estate” Vision 2020, spring 2020, pp. 18-282.
 Dani, S. (2016). A Research Paper on an Impact of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on Indian. Business and Economics Journal, 1-2.
 Khurana A, Sharma A (2016) Goods and Services Tax in India-A Positive reform for Indirect Tax System. International Journal of Advanced Research.
 Panda Aurobinda & Patel Atul (2015). The impact of GST on the Indian Tax Schene, SSRN Electronic Journal1868621.
 Nishita Gupta (2014), “Goods and Services Tax: Its implementation on Indian economy”, CASIRJ Volume 5, Issue 3, Pg. No.126-133.
 Gochhait, S. (2011). Strategic impact of synergy between information technology and business process on the performance of the companies in India. International Journal of Innovation Management and Technology, 2(4), 274-277.

Study on E-Commerce Innovation and Global Business: A Study of Business in Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu
Dr.M. Shahid Ahmed Assistant professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli – 620 020
Pages: 503-510 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study explores the impact of e-commerce innovations on global business expansion, focusing on Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, as a case study. With the rapid growth of digital technologies, businesses are increasingly leveraging e-commerce platforms to reach international markets. The research investigates the role of various technological innovations, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and logistics optimization, in enhancing business expansion strategies. Data was collected through a survey of 385 businesses in Tiruchirappalli, using a stratified random sampling technique. The study utilizes descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and multiple regression analysis to analyze the relationship between e-commerce adoption and global business success. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between technological adoption and international market penetration. Larger businesses are more likely to adopt e-commerce innovations, and AI and blockchain technologies are identified as key drivers of global expansion. The study concludes that businesses in Tiruchirappalli, particularly in the retail and manufacturing sectors, can benefit from investing in these technologies to improve their competitive edge in global markets. This research highlights the importance of embracing technological advancements to navigate the complexities of international business expansion in the digital age.

REFERENCES
 Smith, T., & Johnson, B. (2019). Cross-border e-commerce and global market entry strategies. International Business Review, 28(3), 456–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.09.006
 Nguyen, T., Lee, H., & Chan, C. (2020). Mobile commerce in emerging markets: The role of digital wallets in global e-commerce. International Journal of Mobile Commerce, 18(3), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2020.1740237
 Kumar, A., & Singh, M. (2020). M-commerce and its impact on global business expansion. International Journal of E-Commerce Studies, 34(2), 122–139. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3522643
 Harrison, L., & Palmer, D. (2020). E-commerce adoption in emerging markets: Drivers and barriers. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(6), 1007–1025. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00354-z
 Feng, Y., Wang, M., & Liu, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and consumer behavior in e-commerce. Journal of Business Research, 124, 343–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.024
 Miller, J., & Brown, S. (2021). Digital payments and their role in global e-commerce expansion. Journal of Payment Systems, 33(2), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPS-02-2021-0146 .
 Ghosh, S., Kumar, R., & Singh, D. (2022). Blockchain applications in e-commerce: Enhancing transparency and security in global supply chains. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 58(1), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12179
 Patel, R., & Shah, N. (2022). Logistics innovations in the e-commerce industry: Trends and challenges. Journal of Supply Chain & Logistics, 14(3), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2021.12.005
 Wang, F., & Zhang, W. (2022). Social commerce and global e-commerce expansion: The role of social media. Journal of Digital Marketing, 24(4), 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2021.1932440

The Effectiveness of Training and Development on Employees Performance
A. Nilofer Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Trichy-620020
Pages: 520-527 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study explores the impact of training and development on employees' performance, focusing on how these initiatives enhance skills, knowledge, and productivity within organizations. Effective training programs equip employees with the necessary competencies to meet organizational goals, while continuous development fosters innovation and adaptability in a rapidly changing business environment. The research highlights that well-structured training sessions lead to improved job performance, higher job satisfaction, and reduced turnover rates. It evaluates personal development initiatives empower employees to achieve long-term career growth, increasing their engagement and commitment to the organization. A descriptive research design was used to collect 50 respondents using random sampling and method statistical measures, including chi-square test. For analyzing the received data carefully, from the analysis, it was found that the employees are satisfied with the training and development sessions organized by the management. This result indicates that there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables tested.The paper emphasizes the importance of aligning training objectives with organizational goals and highlights the role of management in creating a culture of learning and growth. Practical recommendations for implementing effective training and development strategies are also provided to ensure sustained employee and organizational success.

REFERENCES
1. Dr. J. Anand, Dr. M. Ganesan alias Kanagaraj, Dr. S. P. S. Arul doss: Impact Of TrainingAnd Development Of Employees Efficiency And Effectiveness – Empirical Evidence Vol. 13 Special Issue 07 (2022)
2. Sundarapandiyan Natarajan and Visagamoorthi: The Effectiveness Of Training And Development On Employees Performance Among The Msmes in Hosur, India, Aegaeum Journal Volume 11, Issue 03, 2023ISSN NO: 0776-3808 – March 2023
3. Kishore, S., &Fonceca, C. M. (2023). Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance and Productivity. J. Acad. Indus. Res, 11(3), 43-47.
4. Mercy, J. R., &Mithunapriya,(2024) M. N. A Study on effectiveness of training and development among employees.
5. D. Divya, Shanoli Mariel Raj. J and Santhiya. P: A Study On The Impact Of Training And Development In Revature, Chennai, UGC Care Group 1 Journal Vol. 52, No. 2 (8), July–December 2023.

A Study on Environmental Factors Influencing Business Entrepreneurship
Dr.N. Sabrin Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College, (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu.
Pages: 528-536 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in economic development, and environmental factors significantly influence its growth and sustainability. This study investigates the interplay between environmental factors—both external and internal—and their impact on business entrepreneurship. Key external factors analyzed include economic conditions, government policies, technological advancements, market demand, and cultural attitudes, while internal factors encompass organizational resources, leadership, and innovation capacity. By employing a mixed-methods approach, including case studies and statistical analysis, the study identifies patterns and correlations that highlight how favorable environments foster entrepreneurial ventures, while adverse conditions pose challenges.
The findings underscore the importance of adaptive strategies, supportive policy frameworks, and community engagement in mitigating environmental barriers and enhancing entrepreneurial success. This research offers actionable insights for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and academics aiming to cultivate a resilient and dynamic entrepreneurial ecosystem.

REFERENCES
 Shahzad, K., et al. (2021). The influence of personal and environmental factors on entrepreneurs' performance.
 Guo, Q., & Wang, X. (2022). Environmental factors and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(4), 166–176.
 Wei, X., et al. (2023). Environmental factors influencing technological entrepreneurship: Research framework and results. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.
 Nguyen, D., et al. (2024). Entrepreneurship education as a strategy to build regional sustainability.

Women’s Leadership Development Strategic practices for women and Organisation
Dr.A. Zeenath Amman Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce(SF-WOMEN) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Tiruchirapalli-620020
Pages: 537-543 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract

This study explores the development of women’s leadership and the strategic practices that enhance their growth within organizations. It highlights the barriers women face, such as gender biases, limited opportunities, and work-life balance challenges. The research examines effective strategies, including mentorship programs, leadership training, and organizational policies that foster inclusivity. The study identifies the barriers, challenges faced and evaluate the effective ness of existing leadership development programs tailored for women. This study uses primary sources as well as secondary sources and applies chi-square to interpretation the data. This study reveals there is no significant association between age and the type of networking opportunities chosen. Findings suggest that empowering women in leadership leads to increased innovation, improved decision-making, and overall business success. The study concludes that organizations must adopt proactive measures to create equal leadership opportunities, ensuring long-term gender equity and organizational growth.

REFERENCES

  • Jean, Guillaume. (2025). Revolutionizing Skill-Building for Women: Integrating Emotional Intelligence, Negotiation, and Decision-Making Skills.

  • R,Lakshmidevi&Geetha,A..(2024).CAREERGROWTHOFWOMENINPROFESSIONA L

  • FIELD. 9. b219-b222. 10.6084/m9.doione.IJNRD2403122. Hopkins, Margaret & O’Neil, Deborah &Passarelli, Angela &Bilimoria, Diana. (2008). Women's leadership development strategic practices for women and organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. 60. 348-365. 10.1037/a0014093.

  • Mccall,Andrei.(2024).TheIntersectionofDigitalSkills andLeadershipDevelopment forWomen in the Digital Age.

A Comparative Study on Housing Loans Provided by Canara Bank and ICICI Banking tiruchirappalli
K.Beema Rao Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce (SF- Men) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli – 620 020
Pages: 544-552 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Our comprehensive study delves in to the comparative analysis of housing loans provided by Canara Bank and ICICI Bank in Tiruchirappalli. A data set collected from 100 respondents forms the basis of our research, employing convenient sampling techniques, our focus remains steadfast on gauging customer satisfaction with housing loans offered by both public and private sector banks. By leveraging primary and secondary data sources, we bring forth a rigorous analysis with a specific emphasis on the limitations with in the confined research area. Utilizing statistical tools such as Frequency Table and Chi – Square Test, our findings aim to illuminate key insights relevant to every one seeking clarity on housing loan options in Tiruchirappalli.

REFERENCE 

 Gogia, P. S. (2022, September). 1Prof. Sheenam Gogia. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org, 10(09), 681.  Mahajan, A. A. (2013, January ). A Comparative Study of Disbursement of Housing Loan of Public. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal,, 141  .R, M. S. (2019). Study on comparison of rate of interest on Home Loans with reference to HDFC . ACHARYA INSTITUTE , 1-15.  VIJAYALAKSHMI, C. (2017). A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PRIVATE. Emperor International Journal of Finance and Management Research, 141 -146.
 Kaur1, R. (2017). A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HOME LOANS OF. IJARIIE-ISSN (O)-2395-4396, 3, 1788.
 Capello,Maria&Borisly,Nada.(2019).TheBloomingofWomen'sLeadershipinOilandGasin the GCC, Middle East, and Key Enablers for their Growth. 10.2118/195841-MS.

Employee Relationship Management Practices in Anaamala is Toyota Pvt.Ltd. Showroom at Thimmaraya Samuthiram in Trichy
Dr. A. Sophia Alphonse Assistant Professor of Commerce, PG and Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy – 620 020.
Pages: 553-562 | First Published: 12 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Employee Relationship Management (ERM) plays a vital role in fostering a productive and engaged workforce, significantly influencing organizational success. This study examines the ERM practices at Anaamalais Toyota Pvt. Ltd. in Trichy, focusing on factors such as communication, work culture, work-life balance, and employee engagement. Through a survey of 50 employees, the research highlights the impact of managerial involvement, workplace environment, and employee satisfaction on organizational performance. Findings indicate that regular meetings, mutual respect, and career development opportunities enhance employee relationships and contribute to job satisfaction. The study also establishes a strong positive correlation between work-life balance and overall work environment, reinforcing the importance of a supportive workplace. Based on these insights, recommendations include implementing structured recognition programs, providing professional growth opportunities, and prioritizing employee well-being through wellness initiatives. By fostering a positive work culture and prioritizing employee relations, Toyota can further enhance its workforce morale and operational efficiency.

REFERENCES
 Akpan, A. P., Okwudu, A. A., &Imagha, O. A. (2021).A study on employee relationship management.International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2(11), 603-609.
 Kumari, C. A., Rao, A. N., &Tentu, A. K. (2024). Employee relationships and its impact on organizational performance. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 1-6.
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Investors Behaviour towards Equity Market Investment
Dr.A. A. Syed Ibrahim Assistant Professor of Commerce,Dr.E. Mubarak Ali Associate Professor and Head of Commerce (SF) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli.
Pages: 563-568 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
In present world, cash holds a huge function in one's life as to destroy the challenges in future it is important to put away cash. Savings and investments is alluded to as the penance of present utilization and contributing that spared cash in some money related item with a desire for procuring better yields in what's to come. Nowadays, various investment options are accessible with contrasting danger return levels, varying liquidity and marketability. During 1980s and 1990s assortment of investment roads have been spearheaded and grasped which was clear from the way that speculators have moved their cash from ordinary investment alternatives towards value and obligation connected plans which helps in sprouting Indian monetary markets One of the significant explanations behind the development of Behavioural Finance is the issues faced by customary account speculations. The primary goal of Behavioural Finance isn't to show that any of the conventional money hypothesis is old fashioned, rather it endeavours to consolidate brain research predispositions with conventional account speculations with an end goal to build up a far reaching model of human conduct. Behavioural Finance pinpoints that people are helpless against a few social inclinations that can end up being the significant obstacle in their push to get the best out of their riches. Accordingly this research is to outcome some ideas related to behavioural finance on investors attitude towards equity market in Tiruchirappalli District.
Keywords: Investors Behaviour, Equity market Concepts, Brain research predispositions.

REFERENCES
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Financial Literacy and Stock Market Awareness among Student Entrepreneurs: A Study in Kerala
K.Muhammed Shahid Research Scholar,Dr. M.Marimuthu Assistant Professor & Research Advisor Jamal Mohamed College, (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 569-575 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study examines the financial literacy and stock market awareness among student entrepreneurs in Kerala, India. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing surveys to assess the financial knowledge and understanding of stock market operations among undergraduate student members of entrepreneurial clubs from four universities in Kerala. The study aims to identify the level of financial literacy among student entrepreneurs, evaluate their awareness of the stock market, explore socio-economic and cultural factors influencing financial literacy, and investigate the effectiveness of existing financial education programs. Additionally, the study conducts a gender-based analysis to explore potential disparities in financial literacy and stock market awareness between male and female participants. The findings provide valuable insights into the financial knowledge and needs of student entrepreneurs in Kerala, informing the development of targeted interventions and educational initiatives to support their entrepreneurial endeavors.
Keywords: Financial literacy, Stock market awareness, Student entrepreneurs, Socio-economic factors, Gender disparitie

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Role on NM (Networking and Mentoring & Multidisciplinary Learning) Student Career Readiness to Enter Employabilityat Tourism & Hospitality Sectors
Dr.K. Selvam Guest Lecturer Department of Tourism & Travel Management H.H. The Rajah’s College (Autonomous) Pudukkottai
Pages: 576-588 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Student readiness to enter the tourism and hospitality industry is a critical factor for both personal and professional success in this highly dynamic and customer-centric sector. The key aspects of student preparedness, including knowledge, skills, practical experiences, and emotional intelligence, and explores how these elements align with industry expectations. Additionally, the paper introduces a framework (NM) that emphasizes the development of essential competencies for students aiming to enter the tourism and hospitality industry. The tourism and hospitality industry is one of the largest and most dynamic sectors globally, offering diverse career opportunities. However, the entry of students into this sector requires adequate preparation to meet industry demands. The study suggests that effective educational programs, combining theoretical knowledge with practical experience, are fundamental in enhancing students' ability to contribute to the industry's growth. This paper explores student readiness to enter the tourism and hospitality industry through a framework referred to as NM (which could represent a model, methodology, or key factors such as Networking and Multidisciplinary learning). By identifying critical knowledge, skills, and attitudes that contribute to readiness, the paper aims to enhance student preparation and industry alignment.
Keywords: NM (Networking and Mentoring & Multidisciplinary Learning), Importance, Career Readiness, Tourism & Hospitality Industry & etc.

REFERENCE
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Challenges in Electricity Distribution: Empirical Insights from Selected Discoms in India
Dr.K. Vijayakumar Assistant Professor and Research Supervisor,C. K Shafi Ph.D. (PT) Research Scholar PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli – 620020
Pages: 589-598 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Electricity is a significant component for economic and social wellbeing of every individual and nations. India is the third-ranking electricity generator in the world but ranks 106th in terms of per capita consumption. Distribution of electricity is the most vital element in the value chain of the power sector in particular and in the overall economic activity of the country in general. It is the primary source of revenue for the entire power sector which would be further distributed among all other stakeholders in the sector. In India, electricity is a concurrent subject shared between the Central and State Governments. The generation of power has largely been deregulated since the enactment of Electricity Act in 2003. However, the distribution of power to consumers is generally carried out by Government-owned power distribution companies (DISCOMs). The authors, in this study, analyses the financial health of the DISCOMs in India to elucidate the financial challenges faced by them by identifying the factors contributing to their profitability constraints. This is studied across different elements of cost including the cost of power purchase, employee benefit expenses, finance cost, depreciation etc., to propose strategies to enhance the financial viability of DISCOMs. The authors, rely on a study of fifteen DISCOMs supplying electricity in the concerned states or territories and propose policy recommendations for a turnaround of such DISCOMs. The results of the study could be rolled out with suitable modifications across India.

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Seamless Integration in Financial Services: A Conceptual Framework for Omnichannel Banking
Armaan Salik Jain Alaudeen Research Scholar (Part-Time),Dr.S. Gopi Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli.
Pages: 599-610 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Customer behaviour is constantly evolving, and new competitors in the financial sector are striving to capture market share by appealing to their own customer bases. Simultaneously, banks operate in a rapidly changing environment characterized by technological advancements, customer-centric demands, and emerging trends. In this context, traditional banking through disconnected and poorly integrated channels is becoming obsolete. To remain competitive and strengthen their market position, banks are increasingly adopting omnichannel banking. This approach allows customers to access their banking transactions anytime and anywhere, offering seamless integration across all channels. Omnichannel marketing has become a critical factor for success, enabling customers to interact with banking services through various means, including physical branches, online platforms, mobile apps, virtual catalogs, and social media. Omnichannel banking ensures a consistent and reliable experience across all channels, providing uninterrupted access to financial services.
By implementing omnichannel strategies for distributing banking products, financial institutions can deepen customer engagement, offer tailored products, and deliver personalized services. This approach is especially effective in attracting and retaining tech-savvy consumers. The current study explores the conceptual framework of omnichannel marketing for banking services and outlines strategies for achieving success in the digital era.

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 Rathi, M. (2024). An Analysis of Consumer Behaviour in Multichannel Retailing and Omnichannel Retailing. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36963.
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 Garanina, S., & Zhuravleva, E. (2022). COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BANKING PRODUCT. Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment.https://doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2021-1-67-78.
 Mani, M., & Agarwal, R. (2022). Payment Banks in India: Insights From the Customers' Perception. Int. J. Asian Bus. Inf. Manag., 13, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.297851.
 Adeniran, I., Abhulimen, A., Obiki-Osafiele, A., Osundare, O., Agu, E., & Efunniyi, C. (2024). Data-Driven approaches to improve customer experience in banking: Techniques and outcomes. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v6i8.1467.
 Guzovski, M., Birač, S., & Smoljić, M. (2022). SPECIFICS OF BANKING MARKETING: THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON COMMUNICATION AND PROMOTION WITH CLIENTS. EMC Review - Časopis za ekonomiju - APEIRON. https://doi.org/10.7251/emc2202506g.
 Thaichon, P., Quach, S., Barari, M., & Nguyen, M. (2023). Exploring the Role of Omnichannel Retailing Technologies: Future Research Directions. Australasian Marketing Journal, 32, 162 - 177. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582231167664.
 Lautner, S. (2023). Design for engagement in digital omni-channel: From funnel to loop. Journal of Digital & Social Media Marketing. https://doi.org/10.69554/oaqb3459.
 Gerea, C., & Herskovic, V. (2022). Transitioning from Multichannel to Omnichannel Customer Experience in Service-Based Companies: Challenges and Coping Strategies. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res., 17, 394-413. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17020021.
 Nguyen, H., Vu, T., Nguyen, B., Nguyen, T., , B., & Nguyen, N. (2022). Evaluating the Impact of E-Service Quality on Customer Intention to Use Video Teller Machine Services. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030167.
 Cahaya, Y., Mursitama, T., Hamsal, M., & Tjhin, V. (2023). Increasing e-loyalty of banking customers through customer trust and commitment. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v15i2.844.
 Website
 https://www.unblu.com/en/blog/a-growing-desire-for-omnichannel-banking-11-statistics-to-know/#:~:text=76%25%20of%20customers%20expect%20an,a%20mobile%20app%20or%20website.

Digital Wallets as Catalysts for Cashless Transactions: Understanding Consumer Perception and Usage
N. Mohammed Ashik Ph.D Research Scholar (Part -Time),Dr.M. Habeebur Rahman Assistant Professor & Research Advisor PG and Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnad
Pages: 611-621 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study explores consumer preferences and perceptions towards digital wallets, with a specific focus on their role in facilitating cashless transactions. Conducted in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, the research examines the factors influencing digital wallet usage, including perceived usefulness, ease of use, security, and promotional offers. A sample of 160 respondents was surveyed using a structured questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using statistical tools such as Chi-Square test, ANOVA, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings reveal that perceived usefulness, ease of use, security, and promotional offers significantly affect the frequency of digital wallet usage. The study also highlights the importance of demographic factors, particularly age, in shaping consumer behavior. The results suggest that enhancing these key factors can lead to higher adoption rates and increased usage of digital wallets, thereby contributing to the growth of a cashless economy. The study provides valuable insights for digital wallet providers, policymakers, and businesses aiming to increase consumer engagement with digital payment systems.
 

REFERENCES
 Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Impact of Digital Shopping on Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions. Emperor Journal of Economics and Social Science Research, 2(2).
 Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Decision towards Online Shopping in Tiruchirappalli District.
 Ameen, A. N., Ahmed, K. T., Ahmed, N. M. F., & Mohamed, I. A. (2024). Consumer Buying Behaviour On Air Conditioner–A Study In Ambur Taluk, Tirupattur District, Tamilnadu. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 1007-1011.
 Badhusha, M. H. N. A Study on Consumers online Shopping decisions with reference to Tiruchirappalli District.
 Badhusha, D. M. (2019). Consumers’ Satisfaction Towards Digital Food Ordering in Tiruchirappalli City. Journal of Composition Theory, 12(9), 1460-1471.
 Badhusha, M. H. N. (2017). Demonetisation: Impact on Indian Economy and Leads to Cashless Banking Activities. International Journal of Management and Development Studies, 6(1), 63-70.
 Dutta, C., Jha, S. S., Lakshmi, R. V., Vijayakumar, V., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Trivedi, T. (2024). A Study On The Factors That Influence The Success Of Digital Marketing In A Dynamic Marketing Landscape; A Theoretical And Empirical Integration. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(4), 3793-3798.
 Riyazahamed, K. E Services and Customer Satisfaction with reference to selected Private Sector banks in Tiruchirappalli district.
 P. Punjabi, Aruna, Patill, R. Prasadh, S. Labhane, and Badhusha MHN, “Navigating the New Wave; Unveiling the Transformation Effects of social media On Digital Marketing in The Emerging Era,” Journal of Informatics Education and Research, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 35–41, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.52783/jier.v4i1.516.
 SIDDIQ, N. M., AHAMED, S. R., KHAN, Y. R., AHMED, M. S., BADHUSHA, M., & MOHAMED, I. A. (2025). IMPACT OF DIGITAL PAYMENTS ON THE EARNINGS AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS OF ROADSIDE STREET VENDORS.
 Vijayakumar, K., & Nijanthan, R. (2019). A study on consumers buying behaviour towards FMCG products with reference to Karur District. International Journal of research and analytical reviews (IJRAR) Volume, 6, 265-270.

Empowering Entrepreneurs: The Transformative Impact of Digital Payment Systems on Business Growth and Financial Inclusion
Dr.S. Basheer Ahamed Assistant Professor, PG & Research Department of Commerce,S. Mohamed Shahin I. M.Com, PG & Research Department of CommerceJamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Trichy
Pages: 622-628 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
In recent years, digital payment systems have revolutionized the way businesses operate, offering new opportunities for entrepreneurs to expand and grow their ventures. These technologies have significantly impacted business operations by reducing transaction costs, improving financial accessibility, and providing tools for better financial management. Moreover, they play a critical role in fostering financial inclusion by enabling individuals and small businesses, particularly in underserved regions, to access essential financial services. This paper examines the transformative impact of digital payment systems on business growth and financial inclusion, highlighting the advantages they offer to entrepreneurs in both developed and emerging markets. By exploring key trends, challenges, and opportunities, this research aims to shed light on how digital payment systems can empower entrepreneurs and contribute to the broader economic development.

REFERENCES
 Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 529–555. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/11.3.529
 Clarke, I. (2001). Emerging value proposition for m-commerce. Journal of Business Strategies, 18(2), 133–148.
 SIDDIQ, N. M., AHAMED, S. R., KHAN, Y. R., AHMED, M. S., BADHUSHA, M., & MOHAMED, I. A. (2025). Impact of digital payments on the earnings and business operations of roadside street vendors.
 SB AHAMED, EM ALI (2016), The Impact of Social Media on Consumers buying Behaviour, Primax International Journal of Marketing (PIJM).
 Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Consumer Preference and Satisfaction towards Domestic Solar Water Heaters in Tiruchirappalli District.
 SB Ahamed, AM Yahiya (2023), A Study on Youth Perception and Awareness towards Entrepreneurship and Government Schemes in India with Special Reference to Dindigul District, DIGITAL INDIA A Progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 331.
 Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Decision towards Online Shopping in Tiruchirappalli District.
 Khan, Y. R., Ahamed, S. R., Ahmed, M. S., Siddiq, N. M., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Examining Students’ Perception of Online Education in Arts and Science Colleges: Perspectives on Personalized Learning and Emerging Educational Technologies.

Analysis of Selected Mutual Fund Schemes in India
Dr.Y. Moydheen Sha Assistant Professor,H. Mohamed Imran Marzook Final Year M.Com. PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
Pages: 627-696 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
A mutual fund is a collective investment vehicle designed to gather funds from individuals and invest them according to a specific objective, with profits shared among investors based on their contributions. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of selected mutual funds and assess their future potential. The research utilized secondary data from various sources. The results show that long-term and medium-term investments provide strong returns, whereas short-term investments deliver high returns but lack consistency throughout the study period. Furthermore, the study highlights a hierarchy in investor preferences, with private sector funds being the most preferred, followed by foreign asset management companies and public sector funds.

REFERENCES
1) SurpurAmrura and MahatTazeentaj (2019), “Comparative Analysis of Performance of Mutual Funds”, RVIM Journal of Management Research, Vol. 11, Issue 2, 45-49
2) Anju B. Nandrajog, Portfolio Evaluation-an Empirical Analysis of Equity Growth Schemes of Selected Mutual Funds in India , RVIM Journal of Management Research: Volume 8, Issue 2, July-December 2016
3) Dr. C V Purushotham, Risk And Return Preferences Of Institutional And Non-institutional Investor Categories – An Analysis Based On Nifty 50 Stocks , RVIM Journal of Management Research: Volume 14, Issue 2, July-December 2022
4) Khan, Y. R. (2020). Customers perference and satisfaction towards reliance-4 g jio services in Tiruchirappalli district. Jamal Academic Research Journal: An Interdisciplinary, 1(1), 31-37.
5) Ahamed, D. S. R. (2023). Government secondary schools teacher's attitude towards ICT in Trichy city. Research and reflections on education, 21, 307-314.
6) Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Impact of Digital Shopping on Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions. Emperor Journal of Economics and Social Science Research, 2(2).
7) Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Decision towards Online Shopping in Tiruchirappalli District.
8) Badhusha, M. H. N. A Study on Consumers online Shopping decisions with reference to Tiruchirappalli District
9) Hakkeem, D. M. A., &Sha, Y. M. (2015). An empirical study towards customer satisfaction in internet banking services with special reference to Tiruchirappalli district. IJSR-International Journal Of Scientific Research, 4(5).
10) Khan, D. Y. R. (2023). A sociological study on effect of COVID-19 on girls education in selected rural areas of Trichy. Research and reflections on education, 21(1A), 60-68
11) Hakkeem, M. A., &Sha, Y. M. (2015). A study on customer satisfaction in internet banking with special reference to Tiruchirappalli district. International Journal of Marketing and Technology, 5(2), 72
12) Khan, Y. R., Ahamed, S. R., Ahmed, M. S., Siddiq, N. M., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Examining Students’ Perception of Online Education in Arts and Science Colleges: Perspectives on Personalized Learning and Emerging Educational Technologies

Comparitive Analysis of Financial Statement A Case Study of kauvery Hospital
Dr.Rizvan Ahamed Assistant Professor,S. Mohamed Irfan II M. Com PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli City
Pages: 629-638 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the financial statements of Kauvery Hospital, focusing on an in-depth examination of the hospital's financial performance over multiple fiscal periods. Utilizing the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, the research aims to assess the organization's financial health, solvency, and operational efficiency. Key financial ratios and performance indicators are analyzed to identify trends, strengths, weaknesses, and areas requiring attention. The analysis further explores the hospital's liquidity, profitability, and overall financial sustainability, offering a critical evaluation of its fiscal position. The findings from this study are intended to support strategic decision-making for stakeholders, including investors, management, and regulatory bodies, and provide valuable insights into the financial dynamics of the healthcare sector.

REFERENCES
1. Patel, A., et al. (2022). The Role of Financial Ratios in Assessing Hospital Stability: A Study on Profitability, Liquidity, and Efficiency. Journal of Healthcare Finance, 18(4), 45-60. Highlights the critical role of financial ratios in evaluating the financial stability of hospitals and understanding resource management and service delivery.
2. Kumar, R., & Verma, S. (2023). Longitudinal Financial Analysis for Healthcare Institutions: Trends and Patterns. International Journal of Financial Studies, 25(2), 102-118. Explores how multi-year financial analysis reveals long-term health, growth opportunities, and risks in hospitals.
3. Gupta, M., & Sharma, P. (2024). Comparative Financial Analysis in Private Healthcare: Strategic Insights for Operational Efficiency. Asian Journal of Healthcare Management, 12(3), 68-82.Discusses the importance of comparing financial data across years to improve profitability and efficiency in competitive healthcare markets.
4. Khan, Y. R. (2023). Customer satisfaction towards paytm users in Tiruchirappalli city. Impactcitation, 1(2).
5. Khan, Y. R. (2023). Study on dificulties of consumer towards upi payments in Trichy district. Impactcitation, 1(1).
6. Ahamed, S. R. (2023). Customer perception and satisfaction towards internet banking services in Trichy district. Impactcitation, 1(1).
7. Ahamed, S. R. (2023). Analysing the customer difficulty of e-banking services. Impactcitation, 1(1).
8. Ahamed, D. S. R. (2015). Customer Perception Towards Internet Banking Services In Trichy District. International Journal Of Business And Administration Research Review, 1(11), 95-101.
9. Ahamed, D. S. R. (2023). Government Secondary Schools Teacher's Attitude Towards ICT In Trichy City. Research And Reflections On Education, 21, 307-314.
10. Ahamed, S. R. Analyzing The Customer Difficulty In Using Internet Banking Services With Reference To Selected Public Sector Banks.
11. Khan, Y. R. (2024). Challenges Faced By Rural Population On Digital Payment. Jamal Academic Research Journal: An Interdisciplinary, 5(4).
12. Khan, D. Y. R. (2023). A Sociological Study On Effect Of COVID-19 On Girls Education In Selected Rural Areas Of Trichy. Research And Reflections On Education, 21(1A), 60-68.
Websites
1. Shodhganga: Shodhganga@inflibnet.ac.in,
2. ResearchGate: www.researchGate.net,
3. Kauvery Hospital:www.kauveryhospital.com

A Study on Job Satisfaction of Shriram Housing Finance Limited in Trichy City
Dr.Y.Razeeth Khan Assistant Professor,M.Dharshan Kumar 2nd year Master of Commerce (M.Com)PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, India
Pages: 639-646 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Job Satisfaction of employees has always been critical factor for success of any organization or a business segment. This has always been of interest for employers as well as market researchers to understand the trends and factors of employee satisfaction in different market segments.

REFERENCES
 Khan, Y. R.,(2023/3), A Sociological Study on Effect of COVID-19 on Girls Education in Selected Rural Areas of Trichy,Research& Reflections on Education, Volume 21 , Issue 1A,Pages 60-68,Publisher rev.
 Khan, Y. R.,(2021/11), Google Pay In Triuchirapalli: Satisfaction Towards UPI Payments third Concept, Volume 36, Issue 429,Pages 128-131,
 Khan, Y. R., (2020/8/14),Customers Perference& Satisfaction Towards Reliance-4 g JIO Services in trichycity,Jamal Academic Research Journal: An Interdisciplinary, Volume 1, Issue 1,Pages 31-37.
 Khan, Y. R.,(2018), A Comprehensive Study of Customer Satisfaction Towards Wireless Data Card Jamal Academic Research Journal: An Interdisciplinary, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 551-553,
 Khan, Y. R.,(2018), An Empirical Study on Identification of Factors Influencing Purchase of Internet Plans Among Customers in Tiruchirappalli District, International Journal of Management and Social Sciences (ijmss), Volume 8, Issue 1.1,Pages 69-72.
 Khan, Y. R.,(2016/12),A Study on Customer Preference and Perception Towards Usage of Data Card with Special Reference to Triuchirapalli District, International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review(ijbarr), Volume 2, Issue 16, Pages 29-31,
 Khan, Y. R.,(2024/11), Challenges faced by rural population on digital payment, Jamal Academic Research Journal: Volume 5, Issue 4
 Ahamed, D. S. R., (2023/3). Government Secondary Schools Teacher’s Attitude Towards Ict In Trichy City, Research and Reflections on Education, Volume21 Issue 1A, Pages 307-314.
 Ahamed, D. S. R,(2022/11), Customers perception about life insurance policies in Trichy district , Third concept, volume 36,issue 429,Pages 132-136.
 Ahamed, D. S. R,(2019), Analyzing The Customer Difficulty In Using Internet Banking Services With Reference to Selected Public Sector Banks A Journal Of Compositon Theory, volume 12, issue 9,pages 1195.
Emperor Journal of Commerce
Mayas Publication 646
 Ahamed, D. S. R , (2015/9/15), Customer Perception Towards Internet Banking Services In Tiruchirappalli District. International Journal of Business And Administration Research Review, Volume 1, Issue 11,Pages 95-101.
 Ahamed, D. S. R(2023) , Customer’s Perception of Internet Banking Services, THIRD CONCEPT 37 (1), 128-132.
Websites
 www.googlescholar.com
 www.shodhganga.com
 www.researchgate.net
 www.wikipedia.com

Quality of Work Life and Job-Satisfaction of Employees in Private Sector Insurance Companies in Kerala
P. Prasad Ph.D. Research Scholar in Commerce,Dr.G. Pasupathi Assistant Professor and Research Advisor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli-620020, Tamilnadu
Pages: 647-660 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The research looks at how work life quality impacts employee satisfaction within the private sector insurance sector. Organizational success depends heavily on understanding which factors promote worker satisfaction and wellbeing in light of growing insurance sector competition and changing industry challenges. The four essential components of quality work life namely environment at work alongside life-work harmony and career advancement potential and financial rewards significantly impacting employee mindset and work-related performance. The analysis shows that fundamental QWL components including supportive leadership together with effective communication strategies and organizational maintenance of work-life equilibrium directly impact employee job satisfaction. Workers who receive development chances together with performance-based bonuses demonstrate greater job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Perceptions of QWL differ across demographic segments of age, gender and job experience which demonstrates the vital need to tailor workplace enhancement strategies. Organizations must develop a supportive work environment which directly enhances both employee retention and productivity levels. This research supports the expanding field of human resource management in private insurance by providing specific tactics to boost work quality and reduce job dissatisfaction. The research delivers final recommendations which advocate for flexible schedules and comprehensive career development programs and transparent assessment methods for employees in the private insurance sector. Private insurance companies must deal with these matters to create an engaged workforce which leads to improved organizational success.

REFERENCES
 Agarwal, R. (2014). Work environment and job satisfaction of employees in private sector banks. Indian Journal of Research, 3(12), 31-33.
 Agha, S., & Aslam, S. (2016). The impact of quality of work life on job satisfaction in banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(7), 346-358.
 Ashfaq, M. (2013). The impact of quality of work life on job satisfaction: A case study of employees in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(13), 201-210.
 Dhamija, P., Gupta, S., & Bag, S. (2019). Measuring of job satisfaction: the use of quality of work life factors. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(3), 871-892.
 Lee, C. W., & Cho, S. (2011). The effects of quality of work life on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in service industries. Journal of Service Science and Management, 4(3), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2011.43030
 Pirakatheeswari, P., Meenakshi, P. P., & Amsaveni, N. (2024). A Study on Work Life Balance Of Private Sector Insurance Employees With Special Reference To Coimbatore CITY. Journal of Philanthropy and Marketing, 4(1), 183-200.
 Revathi, S. (2024). Effects Of Work-Life Quality On Employees' Job Satisfaction, With A Focus On Public Sector Insurance Companies. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(2), 1054-1061.

A Conceptual Study on the Implications of Transforming Business Operations with Digital Twin Technology
Dr.S. Maris Shinia Clarissia,M. Jamila Nasiha Assistant Professor of Commerce (SF) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy
Pages: 661-670 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse and understand the effects on leveraging Digital Twin technology to revolutionize business operations, particularly in industries like manufacturing, logistics, healthcare, or construction. A Digital Twin is a virtual replica of a physical entity, process, or system. By using real-time data and simulations, businesses can monitor, optimize, and predict the performance of physical assets, operations, and entire ecosystems. This paper aims to research and understand the core concept of Digital Twin, including its components (sensors, data models, IoT integration, etc.), and how it can be applied to various business sectors and also process of implementing this Digital Twin solution to monitor and optimize business processes, such as inventory management, supply chain monitoring, production lines and customer behavior analysis.

REFERENCES
Books
Grieves, M., & Vickers, J. (2017). Digital Twin: Manufacturing Excellence through Virtual Factory Replication. McGraw-Hill Education.
Xu, X., & Wang, L. (2020). Digital Twin Technologies and Smart Cities. Springer.
Zhao, X., & Lee, W. (2021). The Digital Twin Paradigm for Smart Cities: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. Wiley.
 

Journal Articles
Tao, F., Zhang, H., & Nee, A. Y. (2018). "Digital Twin in Industry: State-of-the-Art." IEEE Access, 6, 58,294-58,303.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2870096
Boschert, S., & Rosen, R. (2016). "Digital Twin—The Simulation Aspect." IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(1), 567-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.225
Kritzinger, W., et al. (2018). "Digital Twin in Industry 4.0—A Review." IEEE Access, 6, 6655-6671. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2817438
Negri, E., et al. (2017). "A Review of the Roles of Digital Twin in CPS and Smart Manufacturing." Procedia CIRP, 64, 199-204.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.071
Li, X., et al. (2020). "Digital Twin-driven Smart Manufacturing: Connotation, Reference Model, Applications and Research Directions." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 61, 101839.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2019.101839
 

Websites & Whitepapers
Siemens Digital Industries. (2021). "The Impact of Digital Twins on Industry." Available at: https://www.siemens.com/digital-twin
GE Digital. (2020). "Digital Twin Technology in Business Operations." Available at: https://www.ge.com/digital/digital-twin
IBM Watson IoT. (2021). "Exploring the Potential of Digital Twin Technology." Available at: https://www.ibm.com/internet-of-things/digital-twin

An Analysis of the Influence of Organizational Culture on Performance: A Case Study in the Automotive Industry
Dr.N. Mohamed Siddiq Assistant Professor,Dr.S.Basheer Ahamed Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
Pages: 671-678 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
One of the major factors behind Japan's prolonged success in dominating global markets is their approach to strategic planning. HoshinKanri (Planning) has greatly benefited Japanese corporations, proving to be a disciplined, systematic, and fully integrated method for executing strategies. This success occurred during a period when Western approaches to strategic formulation and implementation were often criticized. A critical element of HoshinKanri is its focus on organizational culture. This research study seeks to explore the influence of both organizational culture and HoshinKanri on the performance of high-tech companies.

REFERENCES
 Strategic Business Process Management for Organisational Effectiveness: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024630198001307
 The push and pull of innovation: A start-up case study, Karen Nicholas, Western Carolina University: www.aabri.com/manuscripts/121100.pdf
 “Marketing challenges for high-tech SMEs”, Gabriela Gliga (Ireland), Natasha Evers (Ireland): https://businessperspectives.org/journals_free/im/2010/im_en_2010_3_Gliga.pdf
 Ahamed, S. B., & Ali, E. M. The impact of social media on consumersbuying behaviour. Primax International Journal of Marketing (PIJM).
 Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Consumer Preference and Satisfaction towards Domestic Solar Water Heaters in Tiruchirappalli District.
 Ahamed, D. S. R. (2015). Customer Perception Towards Internet Banking Services In Trichy District. International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review, 1(11), 95-101.
 Ahamed, S. B., & Ali, E. M. The impact of social media on consumersbuying behaviour. Primax International Journal of Marketing (PIJM).
 Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Impact of Digital Shopping on Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions. Emperor Journal of Economics and Social Science Research, 2(2).
 Ahmed, K. T. (2018). 41. Impact of tanneries waste disposal on environment with special reference to vellore district tamilnadu. International Review of Business and Economics, 2, 173-175.
 Ahmed, K. T. (2018). Impact Of Tanneries Waste Disposal On Environment With Special Reference To Vellore District Tamil Nadu. International Review of Business and Economics, 1(3), 35.
 Ahamed, D. S. R. (2023). Government secondary schools teacher's attitude towards ICT in Trichy city. Research and reflections on education, 21, 307-314.
 Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Decision towards Online Shopping in Tiruchirappalli District.
 Badhusha, M. H. N. A Study on Consumers online Shopping decisions with reference to Tiruchirappalli District.
 Badhusha, M. H. N. (2017). Demonetisation: Impact on Indian Economy and Leads to Cashless Banking Activities. International Journal of Management and Development Studies, 6(1), 63-70.
 Hakkeem, D. M. A., & Sha, Y. M. (2015). An empirical study towards customer satisfaction in internet banking services with special reference to Tiruchirappalli district. IJSR-International Journal Of Scientific Research, 4(5).
 Hakkeem, M. A., & Sha, Y. M. (2015). A study on customer satisfaction in internet banking with special reference to Tiruchirappalli district. International Journal of Marketing and Technology, 5(2), 72.
 Jhamtani, Rural women: The powerless partners in development, Kurukshetra, 43(8) (1995), 61- 63. Tejaswini and S. Veerabhadraiah, Knowledge assessment of rural women on DWCRA and their problems, Kurukshetra, 51(4) (1996), 46-47.
 Khan, D. Y. R. (2023). A sociological study on effect of COVID-19 on girls education in selected rural areas of Trichy. Research and reflections on education, 21(1A), 60-68.
 Khan, Y. R., Ahamed, S. R., Ahmed, M. S., Siddiq, N. M., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Examining Students’ Perception of Online Education in Arts and Science Colleges: Perspectives on Personalized Learning and Emerging Educational Technologies.
 Mohamed, I. A., Sha, Y. M., Ahmed, M. S., & Badhusha, M. H. N. (2021). Consumer perception towards apple products with reference to tiruchirappalli district.
 MOHAMED, S. G., & BADHUSHA, M. Web shopping: an international perspective.
 Syed Ibrahim, A. A. A Study On Consumer Preference And Satisfaction Towards Instant Food Products With Reference To Karur District.
 Shahid Ahmed, M. (2020). Preference and satisfaction towards two wheelers with special reference to women consumers. Journal of Science Technology and Research (JSTAR) 1 (1):52-65.
 SIDDIQ, N. M., AHAMED, S. R., KHAN, Y. R., AHMED, M. S., BADHUSHA, M., & MOHAMED, I. A. (2025). Impact of digital payments on the earnings and business operations of roadside street vendors.
 Yang, J., Katsanis, L. P., & LeBel, J. (2022). Does online convenience make you want to buy more? Social presence and purchase intention in social commerce. International Journal of Management, Marketing & Decision Science (IJMMDS), 2(1).

An Analysis of the Financial and Social Performance of Microfinance Institutions
Dr.K. Riyaz Ahamed Assistant Professor,T. Thirumalai I M.Com, PG and Research Department of Commerce, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
Pages: 679-686 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) play a critical role in fostering financial inclusion and empowering economically marginalized communities. This study focuses on analyzing the financial and social performance of MFIs operating in Tiruchirappalli City. The financial analysis evaluates profitability, portfolio quality, and operational efficiency using key metrics such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Non-Performing Asset (NPA) ratios. The social performance assessment highlights the impact of MFIs on poverty alleviation, women empowerment, and improvements in education and healthcare access among beneficiaries.

REFERENCES
 Abraham, Vinoj (2009), ‘Employment Growth in Rural India: Distress Driven?’, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 44, No. 16.
 AmartyaSen (1999), Development and Freedom, Oxford University Press, New York.
 ALI, E. M., & RIYAZAHAMED, K. A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS E-BANKIING SERVICES IN SELECT NEW PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI CITY.
 Badhusha, M. H. N. (2017). Demonetisation: Impact on Indian Economy and Leads to Cashless Banking Activities. International Journal of Management and Development Studies, 6(1), 63-70.
 Devender Singh (2013), ‘Effectiveness of gender Budgeting for Women Empowerment : Evidence from India’, Finance India, Vol. 22, No. 04.
 Government of India (2005), Tamil Nadu Development Report, Planning Commission, New Delhi.
 Government of Tamil Nadu, State Budget Documents, Ministry of Finance,
 Government of Tamil Nadu (various issues).
 Government of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, Evaluation and Applied Research Department , Chennai. (various issues)
 https://prsindia.org/files/budget/budget_parliament/2024/DfG_2024-25_Analysis-Rural_Development.pdf
 Michael Tucker and Gerard Miles, “Financial performance of Microfinance Institutions – A comparison of performance of Regional Commercial banks by geographic regions”, Journal of Microfinance, Vol. 6, No.1, 2003.
 Narayan, G., Jain, P., Jakhar, R., Kaur, M. M., & Riyazahamed, K. A Theoretical and Empirical Integration of Internet of Things and Digital Marketing: Opportunities Issues and Challenges.
 Jearanjan(2012), A Study on the Rural Non-Farm Employment in Tamil Nadu, Institute of Development Alternatives, Chennai.
 Jivan Kumar Chowdhury, “Microfinance revolution and microfinance services in Indian perspective”, Banking Finance, Vol. XXI, No.6, June 2008, pp. 5-8.
 Manickam S. (2006), Economic Development of Tamil Nadu in Perspective, Uyirmmai Publications, Chennai.
 Prakash Singh, “Performance analysis of Microfinance Institutions in India, what drives their valuation”, Prajnan, Vol. XL, No.1, 2021, pp. 7 – 35
 Riyazahamed, K., & Ali, E. M. (2024). Evaluating India's Financial Development Challenges On The Pathway To $5 Trillion. Vision India–2047 Towards Usd 30 Trillion Economy Opportunities And Challenges, 18.
 Singla, N., Ahmed, M., & Singh, K. (2021). Financial Performance Of Micro-Finance Institutions In India. Indian Journal Of Economics And Development, 17(4), 767-776.

Analysis of Selected Mutual Fund Schemes in India
Dr.Y. Moydheen Sha Assistant Professor,H. Mohamed Imran Marzook Final Year M.Com. PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
Pages: 687-696 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
A mutual fund is a collective investment vehicle designed to gather funds from individuals and invest them according to a specific objective, with profits shared among investors based on their contributions. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of selected mutual funds and assess their future potential. The research utilized secondary data from various sources. The results show that long-term and medium-term investments provide strong returns, whereas short-term investments deliver high returns but lack consistency throughout the study period. Furthermore, the study highlights a hierarchy in investor preferences, with private sector funds being the most preferred, followed by foreign asset management companies and public sector funds.

REFERENCES
1) SurpurAmrura and MahatTazeentaj (2019), “Comparative Analysis of Performance of Mutual Funds”, RVIM Journal of Management Research, Vol. 11, Issue 2, 45-49
2) Anju B. Nandrajog, Portfolio Evaluation-an Empirical Analysis of Equity Growth Schemes of Selected Mutual Funds in India , RVIM Journal of Management Research: Volume 8, Issue 2, July-December 2016
3) Dr. C V Purushotham, Risk And Return Preferences Of Institutional And Non-institutional Investor Categories – An Analysis Based On Nifty 50 Stocks , RVIM Journal of Management Research: Volume 14, Issue 2, July-December 2022
4) Khan, Y. R. (2020). Customers perference and satisfaction towards reliance-4 g jio services in Tiruchirappalli district. Jamal Academic Research Journal: An Interdisciplinary, 1(1), 31-37.
5) Ahamed, D. S. R. (2023). Government secondary schools teacher's attitude towards ICT in Trichy city. Research and reflections on education, 21, 307-314.
6) Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Impact of Digital Shopping on Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions. Emperor Journal of Economics and Social Science Research, 2(2).
7) Ahmed, M. S., Badhusha, M. H. N., Siddiq, N. M., & Mohamed, I. A. Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Decision towards Online Shopping in Tiruchirappalli District.
8) Badhusha, M. H. N. A Study on Consumers online Shopping decisions with reference to Tiruchirappalli District
9) Hakkeem, D. M. A., &Sha, Y. M. (2015). An empirical study towards customer satisfaction in internet banking services with special reference to Tiruchirappalli district. IJSR-International Journal Of Scientific Research, 4(5).
10) Khan, D. Y. R. (2023). A sociological study on effect of COVID-19 on girls education in selected rural areas of Trichy. Research and reflections on education, 21(1A), 60-68
11) Hakkeem, M. A., &Sha, Y. M. (2015). A study on customer satisfaction in internet banking with special reference to Tiruchirappalli district. International Journal of Marketing and Technology, 5(2), 72
12) Khan, Y. R., Ahamed, S. R., Ahmed, M. S., Siddiq, N. M., Badhusha, M. H. N., & Mohamed, I. A. Examining Students’ Perception of Online Education in Arts and Science Colleges: Perspectives on Personalized Learning and Emerging Educational Technologies

Technology Unlocking Global Trade for Entrepreneurs
K.P Abdul Raouf Ph.D Part Time Research Scholar,Dr.P. Vanitha Assistant Professor and Research Supervisor Department of Commerce ,VISTAS, Pallavaram Chennai.
Pages: 697-702 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Technology is revolutionizing global trade, making it easier for entrepreneurs to expand their businesses across borders. From e-commerce platforms to advanced logistics systems, technological innovations are breaking down traditional barriers in international trade. This article examines how technology empowers entrepreneurs to tap into global markets, explores the challenges they face, and highlights opportunities for growth. The study also delves into the methodologies used to analyze this phenomenon, the key findings, and their implications for the future of global entrepreneurship. Additionally, it addresses the role of emerging technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) in enhancing the efficiency and transparency of global trade operations.

REFERENCES
 World Economic Forum (2023). The Impact of Digital Tools on Global Trade.
 MIT (2022). Blockchain and Transparency in Cross-Border Transactions.
 McKinsey & Company (2023). AI and Predictive Analytics in Global Trade.
 Harvard Business Review (2022). E-Commerce Platforms and Market Access.
 PwC (2023). Cloud Computing and Logistics Optimization.
 Boston Consulting Group (2022). IoT in Supply Chain Management.
 Deloitte (2023). Digital Marketplaces and Global Trade Accessibility.
 Accenture (2023). Augmented Reality in Global Customer Engagement.
 Gartner (2023). Future Trends in Digital Trade Technologies.

The Importance of Gender Equality in Promoting Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Dr.S. Gopi Assistant Professor of Commerce,Dr.G.Shanmuga Priyaa Assistant Professor of Economics The American College, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai–625020
Pages: 703-717 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship is a crucial element in advancing economic development, and achieving gender equality within this sphere can significantly contribute to this progress. Despite this, women continue to face numerous challenges in starting and expanding their businesses, including limited access to markets, technology, networks, and financing. Moreover, gender bias and inequality play a significant role in shaping entrepreneurial ecosystems, restricting the opportunities available to women and impeding their capacity for innovation and value creation. This research aims to explore the significance of gender equality in promoting creativity and entrepreneurship, ultimately supporting economic growth. Employing an analysis of earlier studies, the authors examine how entrepreneurship and creativity can be stimulated by gender equality. A key component of this research is the inclusion of interviews with female entrepreneurs to understand the main challenges they face and to gather their suggestions on how these challenges can be addressed. Through these interviews, the study identifies the barriers that women encounter when starting and expanding their businesses. These obstacles not only involve limited access to resources but also encompass deeply entrenched societal norms and biases that disproportionately affect women. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the policies and programs that can help women overcome these challenges and thrive in the entrepreneurial world. The analysis highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses both the supply and demand sides of the issue in order to promote gender equality in entrepreneurship and innovation. This entails combating prejudice and gender bias in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, implementing measures to increase women's access to markets, technology, and funding, and nurturing an environment that supports women's growth and development as entrepreneurs. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of fostering networks and mentorship opportunities for female entrepreneurs. By connecting women with experienced business professionals and peers, these networks can help them navigate the complex world of entrepreneurship, learn from the experiences of others, and build crucial relationships that can contribute to their business success.

REFERENCES
 Alam, S., & Devi, S. (2020). Women entrepreneurship and social innovation: a new horizon for social change. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 1-9. Audretsch, D. B., & Link, A. N. (2012). Entrepreneurship and innovation: Public policy frameworks. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 37, 1-17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
 Arunachalam, S., &Ramasamy, B. (2019). Female entrepreneurship in developing countries: Characteristics, motivations, and challenges. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 45.
 Brush, C. G., de Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (2018). A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 8-24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
 4Chen, Y., Guo, Y., Wang, D., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Fostering entrepreneurial ecosystem: A critical review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 119, 54-64.
 GEDI. (2021). Global Entrepreneurship Index 2021. Global Entrepreneurship Network.
 Gupta, A. K., & Vakulabharanam, V. (2019). Reexamining gender and entrepreneurship in contemporary India: a research agenda. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
 Haase, H., &Pratschke, J. (2020). Advancing gender equality in innovation and entrepreneurship: The transformative power of the ecosystem. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 161, 120325.
 Klyver, K., Nielsen, S. L., &Israelsen, P. (2019). A review of gender-specific entrepreneurship education: Implications for programming. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(2), 345-362.
 Kraus, S., &Roig-Tierno, N. (2020). International entrepreneurship: The pursuit of gender equality. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior& Research.
 Kraus, S., Richter, C., Brem, A., & Durst, S. (2019). Gender diversity in teams and its impact on entrepreneurial ecosystems and creativity: A critical review and research agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior& Research.
 Lafuente, E., Vaillant, Y., &Rialp, A. (2019). Women's entrepreneurship: A review of the institutional, contextual and individual factors that shape women's entrepreneurial aspirations and activities. Journal of Business Research, 98, 365-378.
 Lam, W., Cavusgil, S. T., Cavusgil, E., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Innovation and entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 115, 63-76. Institute, M. G. (2019). The power of parity: Advancing women’s equality.
 Miremadi, T., Ratten, V., Dana, L. P., &Ramadani, V. (2021). Women's entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: an institutional perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
 OECD. (2019). The Missing Entrepreneurs 2019: Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship.
 OECD. (2021a). Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2021.
 OECD. (2021b). The Missing Entrepreneurs 2021: Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship.
 Terjesen, S., Freeman, S., & Lloyd, R. (2016). What do we know about women's entrepreneurship in Asia? Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 1-21.
 United Nations. (2019). Trade, gender and development: A toolkit. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Retrieved from [Link]
 United Nations. (2021). WE EMPOWER: Promoting economic empowerment of women at work. Retrieved from [Link]
 World Bank. (2020). Women, Business and the Law 2020.
Zhang, L., Li, Y., & Zhou, L. (2018). Female entrepreneurship and innovation: a comparative perspective. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 1-16.

Exploring Public Opinion of Whatsapp on Social Media in Tiruchirappalli
A.Rameeza Assistant Professor,K.Thasleema IIM.COM PG & Research Department of Commerce (SF-Women),Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy-20
Pages: 718-725 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study explores public opinion of WhatsApp by analyzing user- generated content across various social media platforms. To carry out this study a questionnaire was used as research instrument to gather data from 100 respondents. The result shows that WhatsApp is a vital tool of communication used mainly for one to one communication. The participants perceived the integration of WhatsApp into their education to be easy, fun, and useful.They had positive and negative feelings and intentions about using WhatsApp.The analyse for the random sampling method. The statistical tool apply for Chi-Square test and Spearmen Rank Correlation.

REFERENCES
 Dahdal, S. (2020). Using the WhatsApp social media application for active learning. Journal of Educational Technology Systems,
 Boulianne, S., Hoffmann, C. P., & Bossetta, M. (2024). Social media platforms for politics: A comparison of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit, Snapchat, and WhatsApp. New Media & Society.

Skill Development for Global Entrepreneurs
Dr. S. Gnanaprakesh Assistant Professor of Economics,Dr.B.Revathi Assistant Professor of Commerce Urumu Dhanalakshmi College Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy- 620 019
Pages: 726-733 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
In this article, we'll look at the concept of entrepreneurship and the need of developing skills in order to foster an entrepreneurial culture. The terms "entrepreneurship" and "entrepreneurial skills" were used in a search of papers published between 2016 and 2018. The goal was to identify personal skills (cognitive, social, and relational skills, technical skills, and management skills) as well as business skills (company strategies, products and/or services, corporate image, and management systems such as human resource management, financial management, and marketing, among others, as well as the company's formal and informal structure). The purpose of the literature research was to identify soft skills that entrepreneurs need to develop in order to build and run creative businesses.

REFERENCES
1. McMillan, J. and Woodruff, C., (2002), The central role of entrepreneurs in transition economies,
2. JournalofEconomicPerspectives,16,pp.153-170
3. Miller, D., & Friesen, P. (1983). Strategy-making and environment: The third link. Strategic Management Journal, 4: 221-235.
4. McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Wiklund, Johan and Dean Shepherd (2005), Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small Business Performance: a Configurational Approach, Journal of Business Venturing 20, 71-91
5. Lumpkin, G. T. and Gregory G. Dess (2001), Linking two Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Environment and Industry Life Cycle, Journal of Business Venturing 16, 429-451.
6.Kinkus, J. (2007) Project Management Skills: A Literature Review and Content Analysis ofLibrarian Position Announcements. College & Research Libraries 353-363
7.Rainsbury, E., Hodges, D., Burchell, N., & Lay, M. (2002). Ranking workplace competencies: Student and graduate perceptions. AsiaPacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 3(2), 9-18.
8. James, R. F. & James, M. L. (2004). Teaching career and technical skills in a ―mini‖ business world. Business Education Forum. 59(2), 3941
9.Muzio, E., Fisher, D., Thomas, E. R. & Peters, V. (2007). Soft Skills Quantification (SSQ) for Project Manager Competencies. Project Management Journal. 38(2), 30–38.
10. Davis, D. B. (1993). The Hard Demand for Soft Skills. Datamation 39(2): 28-32
11. Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of entrepreneur. Academy Management Review, 31(1), 13

A Study on Digital Payment Gateway and User Preference, Focusing on Unified Payment Interface
Dr.S. Maris Shinia Clarissia Assistant Professor of Commerce,G. Gayathri Post Graduate Student PG & Research Department of Commerce (SF-Women) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy-20
Pages: 734-741 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This paper focuses on theresearch conducted from the inside out on the Unified Payment Interface (UPI), a cutting-edge payment system adopted by India and introduced by the National Payment Corporation of India. A mobile-centric, real-time interbank payment system called Unified Payment Interface has the power to revolutionize and democratize digital payment in India. This study charts the development of India’s payment systems and thoroughly analyse the Unified Payment Interface’s technology, concentrating on its design and security system through an empirical and theoretical literature review.UPI has shown strong user adoption and represents a major improvement over the current payment system in terms of cost, consumer ease of use, settlement timeframes, and security. Because of its modular Application Programming Interface (API) based architecture, it will be possible to create creative consumer solutions.

REFERENCES:
 Murthy, N. N., Mehtre, B. M., Rao, K. P. R., Ramam, G. S. R., Harigopal, P. K. B., & Babu, K. S. (2001). Technologies for e-commerce: An overview Informatics.
 Durairaj, D., & Joseph, P. A Study On The Feasibility Of UPI Vs Mobile Wallets Among The Students Of Faculty Of Science And Humanities, SRM Institute Of Science And Technology, Kattankulathur.
 Maindola, P., Singhal, N., & Dubey, A. D. (2018, January). Sentiment Analysis of Digital Wallets and UPI Systems in India Post Demonetization Using IBM Watson.
 Assessment of the progress of digitisation from cash to electronic (2020), Retrieved on May 2, 2021, from https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/PublicationsView.aspx.Evolving business models in the payments industry (November 2020).

Exploring the Impact of Attitude and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: A Moderation Analysis in SMEs
Suchita S Shetty Research Scholar & Associate Professor,Dr.R. Thanga Sundari Research Supervisor Bon Secours College for Women Affiliated To Bharathidasan University Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu – 613006
Pages: 742-758 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This research aims at establishing the relationship between employee attitude and job satisfaction on organizational commitment among SMEs in Bengaluru and to determine whether organization type can act as a moderator. Based on the theoretical framework, attitude and job satisfaction in this research will be postulated to have a positive effect on organizational commitment, especially in small than medium enterprises. A self-administered questionnaire by way of cross-sectional survey was administered to 247 SME employees, respondents were measured on a 7-point Likert scale, and multiple regression and moderation analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings show that attitude and job satisfaction have a positive direct on organizational commitment, with signs being slightly stronger in small enterprises. Thus, the work offers useful information to SMEs in the promotion of employee commitment by focusing on improving positive attitudes and job satisfaction among employees where firstly, such organizations are located.

REFERENCES
 Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
 Blau, P. M. (2019). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge.
 Bojan, A., P, P., & B, M. (2020). Understanding the impact of employee engagement on organizational commitment: A comparative study of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 118, 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.034
 Chen, H., Zhang, X., & Huang, J. (2023). The impact of employee attitudes on organizational commitment: Evidence from SMEs. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 40(2), 341-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-022-09810-3
 Gomes, E., & Oliveira, J. (2021). Employee attitude, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment: A study of SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 59(4), 623-646. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2020.1822712
 Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376
 Kim, S., & Park, H. (2022). The relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business and Psychology, 37(2), 467-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09736-1
 Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1299-1349). Rand McNally.
 Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(05)80003-8
 Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991
 Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measure of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
 Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., &Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037330
 Riketta, M. (2002). Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(3), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.141
 Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.
 Rousseau, D. M. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements. SAGE Publications.
 Wang, H., & Xie, Z. (2021). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment: The moderating role of work environment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2499
 Zhao, X., & Chen, L. (2023). Employee satisfaction, organizational size, and commitment: Insights from Chinese enterprises. Asia-Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(2), 324-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajhr.12452

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction among Teachers in Colleges
C V.Prasad Assistant Professor SNGS College Pattambi, Kerala) Ph.D. Research Scholar,Dr.G. Pasupathi Assistant Professor and Research Advisor PG& Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),Tiruchirappalli-620020, Tamilnadu
Pages: 759-765 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The ability of an individual to activate their skills and abilities and raise the beneficial aspects of these abilities and abilities is critical to communal interface and emotional incorporation with other people in several contexts. However, a lack of these talents leads to more serious issues for the person in question, such as trouble understanding the feelings of others. The purpose of this survey is to detect interpersonal skills elements among educational institution teachers and to investigate how these aspects connect to their level of job success and satisfaction with their work. The correlation analysis and t-test are used to study the association between emotive intellect and job satisfaction among college instructors. Using the coefficient technique, the data revealed a link between emotional intelligence & teacher work performance.

REFERENCES
 R. Bar-On (1997). A measure of emotional intelligence is the Bar-On model Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I).
 Motowidlo, S.J., and W.C. Borman (1993). Expanding the criterion area to include contextual performance components in Personnel Selection InOrganisations, Schmitt, N. & Borman, W.C. (Eds), Jossey-Bass, Publishers, New York, NY, 71–98.
 D.W. Chan (2006). Teaching & Education for Teachers. "Emotional Intelligence and the Component of Stress Amongst Chinese Secondary Education Teachers," 22(8), 1042–1054.. D. Goleman (1998) What characteristics define the leader?, Harvard Business Journal, 76(6), November–December, 93–102.
 D. Goleman (1998). using emotional intelligence at work. Bantam Books in New York
 (2008). Hopkins, M. M., and Bilimoria, D. For both male and female executives, emotional and social skills are predictive of success (1 ed., vol. 27). Management Development Journal Mayer, J.D., P. Salovey, and D.R. Caruso (2004). Findings from the theory of emotional intelligence and its consequences. 197–215 in Psychological Inquiry, 15(3).
 Mayer, J. D., and Salovey, P. (1990). emotional awareness. 185–211 in Imagination, Cognition & Personality, 9 (3).

A Study on Quality of Work Life of Employees in Dalmia Cement East Limited Company –Sipcot, Manapparai, Trichirappalli District, Tamilnadu.
Dr.P. Jarina Begam Assistant Professor,Dr.T. Sangeetha Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College, (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli-620020
Pages: 766-774 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Quality of work life is a subset of the quality of life which contains the relationship between employees and their total working environment with human dimension. Conceptual categories which together make up the quality of working life are adequate and fair compensation, safe and healthy working conditions, immediate opportunity to use and develop human capacities, opportunity for continued growth and security, social integration in the work organization and the social relevance of work life. The aim of study is to determine the existence of QWL (Quality of Work Life) in small scale industries as per the view of employees. As the QWL is very essential for industries to continue to attract and retain employees. The existence of QWL in the industrial unit is valuable to both employees and industries.
This study deals with the effects of quality of work life on employees. It aims to gain an insight into current working life practices, as well as work-life balance issues of employees.

REFERENCES
 Anonymous (2005). Quality of Work Life Task Force looks to integrate home and work. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, House Organ. Available: http:// www.Quality20%of/20%work/20% life. htm.
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An Analysis of Present Position of India's Foreign Trade
Dr.P.Chitra Assistant Professor in Economics Department of Commerce T.B.M.L.College.Porayar 609307
Pages: 775-783 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Foreign trade plays a Pivotal role in Indian economy. Foreign trade is also Known as international trade. As the Country needs to import diverse products foreign trade is to the countries. India export huge number of product and also imports an equal amount of other product. In recent year the government stand on trade and investment policy displayed a market from Protecting Producers to benefiting consumers. Liberal global trade regime is pushed aggressively by India especially in Services. It allows countries to access resources, technologies and product that are either unavailable or costly Produce domestically. The context of this article is to analyse the major changes in volume, composition of export and import and direction of foreign trade in India.

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 file //c/users/dmu/Downloads/latest% 20 data % 20 for % 20 foreign% 20 Trade/ OHSIE
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Empowering Entrepreneurs: Status and Achievements of the PMMY Scheme in India
Dr.V. Parameswari Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College,Trichy
Pages: 784-794 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), launched in 2015, aims to empower entrepreneurs, particularly women and marginalized communities, by providing collateral-free loans to micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India. With ₹22.89 lakh crore disbursed to 41.16 crore borrowers, the scheme has successfully reached economically disadvantaged groups, with a notable focus on women and SC/ST/OBC beneficiaries. PMMY has consistently met its targets despite challenges in some regions, with key contributions from public sector banks, microfinance institutions, and small finance banks. This study assesses the scheme's impact and achievements over the past eight years, emphasizing its role in financial inclusion, loan disbursements, and entrepreneurship.The paper concludes with recommendations to enhance the scheme, such as increasing loan limits, improving awareness, simplifying documentation, and providing post-loan support. These improvements aim to further empower entrepreneurs and contribute to inclusive economic growth in India.

REFERENCES
 Mishra, A., & Shukla, P. (2023). "Impact of PMMY on Financial Inclusion in Rural India." Journal of Financial Inclusion, 15(2), 102-115.
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 The Hindu. (2024, July 23). Budget 2024: Loans limit under PM Mudra Yojana enhanced to ₹20 lakh. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com
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Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things on Performance Management
Dr. U. Jahir Hussain Assistant Professor of Commerce,M. Prasanth II M.Com Jamal Mohammed College(Autonomous) Trichy – 620 020
Pages: 795-800 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various sectors, significantly influencing performance management systems. This paper explores the synergistic impact of AI and IoT on enhancing performance management processes in organizations. By leveraging real-time data generated from IoT devices and the predictive capabilities of AI, organizations can gain deeper insights into operational efficiencies, employee performance, and overall productivity. AI enables automation of data analysis, while IoT provides continuous streams of information that facilitate informed decision-making. This study examines how these technologies collectively contribute to more agile, data-driven performance management frameworks, improving strategic planning and day-to-day operations. Key challenges, including data privacy concerns, integration complexities, and the need for skilled personnel, are also discussed. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for businesses seeking to implement AI and IoT solutions for optimized performance management.

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Innovative Financial Solutions for Entrepreneurs
Dr.P. Arivazhagan Assistant Professor,Y. Ghulam Nabi II – M. Com PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
Pages: 801-805 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Entrepreneurs are essential drivers of innovation and economic progress, yet many face challenges in securing financial resources. These include limited access to capital, lack of collateral, and the complexities of navigating traditional financial systems. This article explores modern financial solutions tailored to meet entrepreneurs' needs. Trends such as venture debt, crowdfunding, and fintech advancements are highlighted through literature reviews for 2024. These trends have significantly impacted entrepreneurial finance by increasing access to diverse funding sources, streamlining financial processes, and enabling startups to reach global investors more efficiently. Despite these advancements, challenges like regulatory barriers and financial literacy gaps persist, underscoring the need for collaborative solutions.

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A Study of Employee Engagement on Career Development- A Conceptual Framework
A. Nilofer Assistant Professor,B. Ayesha Banu PG Research Scholar Dept. of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
Pages: 806-812 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Employee engagement and career development are critical aspects of human resource management that significantly influence organizational success. This conceptual paper explores the relationship between employee engagement and career development, emphasizing the ways in which organizations can enhance workforce productivity and satisfaction by aligning these two elements. By conducting surveys and interviews with employees across various sectors, the study identifies key drivers of engagement that positively influence career growth, as well as challenges that may hinder the process. It discusses about the employee engagement, including its dimensions - emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement - and examines how structured career development programs can serve as a catalyst for fostering employee involvement. The paper highlights the role of strategic human resource practices, such as training, mentorship, and career planning, in creating a work environment that motivates employees to invest in their professional growth while contributing to organizational goals. It also addresses challenges in sustaining engagement, such as skill obsolescence and limited advancement opportunities, proposing solutions to overcome these barriers. The study concludes with recommendations for organizations to implement strategies that enhance engagement and facilitate career development opportunities, thereby benefiting both employees and the organization as a whole.

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Analyzing the Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Driving Digital Commerce Growth
Dr.I. Ashiq Mohamed Assistant Professor,Dr.A. Zeenath Amman Assistant Professor PG & Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy-20
Pages: 813-827 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
In the present scenario, ‘male-only’ curse in entrepreneurship don’t bother Indian women who are passionate towards their career and business goals. The increased use of internet, technologies and ease in communication is opening up new platform for women in digital business market. Digital media is not just the medium to raise voice and get heard, but it is also the safest avenue to convert big ideas into powerful brands for women entrepreneurs around the world, including India. Moreover, it plays crucial role in removing gender biasness as the digital medium places a layer of invisibility on the seller’s identity. The concept of “Minimum Investment, Maximum Profit” in online business is helping women entrepreneurs to make their own identity in the digital startup environment. This study is an attempt to know the status of women entrepreneurs and their significance in digital startups environment in India.

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Digital Transition in Indian Economy – A Study
Dr. S. Sivakumar Assistant Professor of Commerce,Dr.S.Latha Maheswari Assistant Professor of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College, (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli
Pages: 828-834 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The Indian economy has witnessed a significant surge in digital transactions in recent years, driven by the government's push for a cashless economy and the increasing adoption of digital payment systems. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding the positive and adverse impact of digital transactions on the Indian economy, highlighting its effects on financial inclusion, economic growth, tax revenue, and cybersecurity. The paper argues that digital transactions have the potential to transform the Indian economy, promoting financial inclusion, reducing transaction costs, and increasing tax revenue, but also pose significant challenges, including cybersecurity risks, job displacement, and digital divide.

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 Singhal, R., (2021), “Impact and Importance of Digital Payment in India” International journal of Multidisciplinary educational research, 10 (2), 100-104.
 Roopadarshini, S., Lakshminarayana, K., (2018), “A Study on Impact of Cash Less Transaction on the Indian Economy” International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences, 8(1), 340-349.
 Kumar, A., Harikumar, Y., (2020), “A Study on the Impact of Cashless Economy in India Giving Special Reference to Alappuzha District” IJARIIE, 6(3), 1839-1844.
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 Gaba, M., Nagpal.M., (2017) , “Cashless Economy: Problems and Prospects” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 5(2), 1-2.
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A Study on the Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs
M. Jamila Nasiha Assistant Professor,M. Jamirun Nisha M.COM Student PG & Research Department of Commerce(SF – Women) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy-20
Pages: 835-844 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Women entrepreneurs face a host of complex and interconnected challenges that hinder their ability to create, grow and sustain successful businesses. One of the main obstacles is limited access to finance, with women often struggling to secure credit, investment and capital due to gender bias, limited networks and lack of collateral. In addition, women entrepreneurs face social and cultural expectations that can limit their career choices and entrepreneurial ambitions, with many expected to prioritize domestic duties over their professional activities. Balancing family responsibilities with work obligations is another major challenge, as women entrepreneurs often shoulder a disproportionate share of domestic duties and household responsibilities. Additionally, women entrepreneurs lack access to mentoring, training, and networking opportunities, which can hinder their ability to develop essential business skills, build professional networks, and access market information. Regulatory barriers, discriminatory policies, and insufficient institutional support also pose significant challenges, with many countries lacking adequate policies and programs to support women’s entrepreneurship. Addressing these challenges is essential to unlocking the economic potential of women entrepreneurs, promoting inclusive economic growth, and reducing poverty and inequality. By providing support, resources, and targeted policies, governments, organizations, and stakeholders can help women entrepreneurs overcome these challenges and realize their full potential.

REFERENCES
 Shastri, S., Shastri, S., Pareek, A., & Sharma, R. S. (2021). Exploring women entrepreneurs’ motivations and challenges from an institutional perspective: evidences from a patriarchal state in India. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 16(4), 653-674.
 Adikaram, A. S., & Razik, R. (2023). Femininity penalty: challenges and barriers faced by STEM woman entrepreneurs in an emerging economy. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(5), 1113-1138.

HRM Practices in Recruitment and Selection process in Software Company
A. Syed Mydeen Buhari Assistant Professor of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli – 620 020
Pages: 845-852 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
The primary objective of the study is to comprehend the company's recruitment and selection processes. The strategies used by the business to retain its loyal employees and attract new talent from both within and beyond the business. The strategy for hiring applicants may include a variety of exclusive practises and channels. Instead than identifying the flaws in the techniques, methodologies, practises, and flawed processes, employees are held accountable for process failures. Communication channels are looked at to see if employees are informed of what is happening within the organisation. Feedback is gathered at the end to find out what the employees believes about the company. The majority of the sample, according to the findings, prefers a straightforward selection and recruitment process, and they value consultancies as a key resource for job seekers. They also realised that the right recruitment process can increase efficiency by finding the best candidates for open positions; this is possible when the candidates are made aware of the selection and recruitment process.

REFERENCES
 RESHMA VIJAY (2021) “A Study of Recruitment Practices and Their Impact on Employee Performance with reference to IT Companies in Bangalore” Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research Volume XIII, Issue III, March/2021 ISSN NO: 0022-1945
 CHAYA J SWAMY (2021) “Recruitment and selection process in the IT firms” GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL VOLUME 8, ISSUE 5, 2021 ISSN NO : 1869-9391
 RAMKUMAR, A., &RAJINI, G. (2019) “Effective Recruitment and Selection System for the IT Software Industry in India”. EXECUTIVE EDITOR, 10(1), 74.
 RACHANA. C (2019), Research scholar on Recruitment and Selection process, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India, 2019, P 11-12.

Emerging Trends in Retail Entrepreneurship in India: Challenges and Opportunities
Dr.S. Mohammed Safi Assistant Professor Department of Commerce,V.F.Jameenudeen II M.Com Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli – 20, Tamilnadu, India
Pages: 853-561 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
India's retail industry has seen tremendous change recently due to a rise in the middle class, shifting consumer preferences, and technology improvements. This study examines new developments in retail entrepreneurship, emphasizing the potential and difficulties experienced by business owners in this fast-paced setting. The retail landscape is changing due to important developments like the growth of e-commerce, Omni-channel retailing, and the growing impact of social media on consumer purchase decisions. Entrepreneurs are using these trends to develop new business models and innovate while overcoming obstacles including supply chain complexity, competition, and regulatory barriers. According to this survey, retail start-ups face both opportunities and challenges as a result of economic growth, digitization, and changing consumer behavior.

REFERENCES
 Gupta, R., &Verma, S. (2022). Omni-channel retailing: Impact and trends in India. Journal of Retail Management, 15(3), 45-59.
 Kumar, A., & Sharma, S. (2023). Consumer behavior in Indian retail: Trends and opportunities. International Journal of Retail Studies, 28(2), 112-129.
 Patel, D., & Desai, R. (2020). Retail entrepreneurship in India: Regulatory challenges and solutions. Indian Business Review, 32(1), 78-92.
 Ravi, K., &Aggarwal, P. (2021). Supply chain challenges in Indian retail entrepreneurship. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 18(4), 101-115.
 Saha, S. (2022). Growth opportunities in Tier II and Tier III cities for retail entrepreneurs in India. Journal of Retail Business, 11(1), 56-70.
 Sharma, P., &Bansal, M. (2023). Sustainability in retail: Ethical sourcing and consumer behavior. Journal of Retail Sustainability, 22(3), 201-215.
 Singh, R., & Sharma, A. (2021). Digital transformation in retail entrepreneurship in India. Indian Journal of Business and Technology, 29(5), 34-47.
 Soni, S. (2020). The digital revolution in Indian retail: Emerging trends and entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of Retail Innovation, 8(3), 55-67.
 Verma, P., & Jain, S. (2022). Competitive dynamics in India's retail sector: An entrepreneurial perspective. Business Studies Review, 34(2), 105-121.

A Study on Problems and Prospects of Home based Women Entrepreneurs
Dr.A. Jesuraj Assistant Professor of Commerce, Head, Sadakathullah Appa College Tirunelveli Dr.M. Prabhu Associate Professor Don Bosco College of Arts and Science Keelaeral
Pages: 862-867 | First Published: 08 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Entrepreneurs play a key role of economic development in any nation. They have skills and good new ideas to market and make the right decisions to make the idea. In this dynamic world, women entrepreneurs are a significant part of the global expedition for sustained economic development and social progress. The findings of the study indicate that the most prominent problem faced by the home-based women entrepreneurs is lack of access to finance, low level of self confidence followed by low risk taking ability, lack of knowledge about production, technical strategies. As for the prospects, it has been found that the women are able to increase personal financial security, purchase assets for business growth and also contribute the economy by fulfilling the demand in local markets

REFERENCES
 Paramashivaiah .P and Suresh.B.K (2014), “Women Entrepreneurs: Problems and Prospects: A Study of Tumkur district, Karntatka”, International Journal Ofmanagement And Social Scienceresearch Review, 1(3), pp. 1- 6 10.
 Srivastava, P. K. (2017), “Need to Enhance Indian Women Entrepreneurs to Face Global Challenges”, ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 7(7), pp. 17-23.
 Madhukar, K. S. (2015), “Problems and prospects of women Entrepreneurs”, Journal of interdisciplinary studies, ISSN, 2278-8808 Website
 Dinesh Unnikrishnan (2014, March 14), “Small women entrepreneurs struggle for funding”, retrieved on June 25, 2016, from
 https://www.livemint.com/Industry/ 7OzvgxX909OOdZWq 7GkyrL/Small-women-entrepreneursstruggle-for-funding.html.

The Impact of Social Media Algorithm on Marketing Strategy and Effectiveness
Dr.K. Halimunnisa Associate Professor of Commerce (SF),M.Aarifa Akthar Post Graduate Student Department of Commerce (Sf) Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli- 620020
Pages: 868-875 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Social media algorithms have become a cornerstone of modern marketing strategies, shaping how businesses reach, engage, and convert their target audiences. These algorithms, designed to personalize user experiences, prioritize content based on relevance, user behavior, and engagement metrics, significantly influence the visibility of marketing efforts. This paper explores the interplay between social media algorithms and marketing strategies, focusing on their effectiveness in achieving business goals. It highlights how algorithm-driven content optimization, such as predictive analytics and audience segmentation, empowers marketers to deliver personalized and timely messages. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges posed by ever-changing algorithms, such as reduced organic reach and increased reliance on paid advertising. It emphasizes the importance of leveraging algorithm insights to create authentic, engaging, and platform-specific content while maintaining a balance between organic and paid strategies. Ultimately, this study underscores the critical role of social media algorithms in shaping marketing effectiveness, offering practical recommendations for businesses to navigate this dynamic landscape and maximize their return on investment.

REFERENCE
Journal Article:
 Smith, J., & Doe, A. (2022). The impact of social media algorithms on digital marketing strategies. Journal of Marketing Research, 58(3), 245-260. https://doi.org/xxxx
 Tuten, T. L., & Solomon, M. R. (2017). The role of social media in marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 33(5-6), 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2017.1291121
 

Website Article:
 Chaffey, D. (2022). How social media algorithms work: A guide for marketers. Smart Insights. Retrieved from https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-algorithms/
 Brown, L. (2023). How social media algorithms shape marketing effectiveness. Digital Marketing Insights. Retrieved from https://www.example.com

Customer Centric Marketing: Understanding the Preferences and Expectations of Young Bike Riders
Dr.A. Sophia Alphonse Assistant Professor of Commerce,S. Varsha II M.Com PG and Research Department of Commerce Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy – 620 020
Pages: 876-886 | First Published: 05 Feb 2025
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Abstract
This study examines customer-centric marketing strategies focusing on young bike riders' preferences and expectations in Tiruchirappalli city, India. The research utilized a quantitative approach with a sample size of 40 respondents through simple random sampling. The study reveals that the majority of respondents were male professionals aged 18-25 years from urban areas, with incomes ranging from Rs. 40,000-55,000. Yamaha emerged as the most preferred brand (50%), followed by Honda (30%). Price and fuel efficiency were identified as primary factors influencing purchasing decisions, while brand reputation and reviews significantly impacted buying behavior. The research found that 43% of respondents were highly satisfied with their branded bikes, with 50% using them daily. Chi-square analysis confirmed a significant association between income levels and brand preferences. The study suggests that manufacturers should focus on understanding young riders' preferences through surveys and online communities, offer customization options, integrate smart features, and develop eco-friendly alternatives. The findings contribute to understanding the evolving dynamics of the two-wheeler market in India and provide insights for manufacturers to develop effective marketing strategies targeting young consumers.

REFERENCES
 Subedi, S. (2024). Customer Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty in the Petrol Bike Market: A Study on Young Riders' Preferences and Expectations. NPRC Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(5), 94-107.
 Cohen, M., & Scott, J. (2019).Understanding the Preferences and Expectations of Young Bike Riders: A Comprehensive Study. Journal of Youth Cycling Studies, 24(1), 45-58.
 Smith, J., & Johnson, M. (2021).Exploring the Changing Preferences of Young Cyclists: Trends in Bike Design and Technology.Journal of Cycling Research, 15(3), 120-135.
 Johnson, R. A., & Smith, K. B. (2023). Understanding millennial motorcyclists: A study of evolving preferences in the two-wheeler market. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 45(3), 178-195.
 Patel, S., & Anderson, M. (2023). The role of customization in motorcycle marketing: Generation Z perspectives. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 41(4), 445-461.
 Thompson, E., & Garcia, R. (2024). Environmental consciousness and its impact on young motorcycle consumers' buying behavior. Sustainable Marketing Quarterly, 18(1), 67-82.
 Chen, H., & Brown, D. (2023). Digital transformation in motorcycle marketing: Meeting the expectations of tech-savvy riders. Journal of Digital Marketing, 28(2), 234-249.