Journal Issues

Abstract
The Retail Investors Behavior on Equity Shares to covers the widest possible range of investor characteristics, needs, desires and abilities. They are heterogeneous, differing in age, family circumstances, source and amount of income, wealth position, location of residence, insurance coverage and tax incidence, every individual has his or own investment goals, risk tolerance and set of constraints. The key areas of concern to individuals and to investment professionals attempting to serve retail investors should include: understanding the nature of retail investors how to establish and strengthen relationships; setting investment objectives, managing the portfolios of investors; Organizing the investment firm to provide high quality service of investment; the broader issues of financial planning for individual investors and marketing for Individual Investors.

Abstract
Key-exposure resistance has always been an important issue for in-depth cyber defence in many security applications. Recently, how to deal with the key exposure problem in the settings of cloud storage auditing has been proposed and studied. To address the challenge, existing solutions all require the client to update his secret keys in every time period, which may inevitably bring in new local burdens to the client, especially those with limited computation resources such as mobile phones. In this paper, we focus on how to make the key updates as transparent as possible for the client and propose a new paradigm called cloud storage auditing with verifiable outsourcing of key updates. In this paradigm, key updates can be safely outsourced to some authorized party, and thus the key-update burden on the client will be kept minimal. Specifically, we leverage the third-party auditor (TPA) in many existing public auditing designs, let it play the role of authorized party in our case, and make it in charge of both the storage auditing and the secure key updates for key-exposure resistance. Index Terms—Cloud storage; outsourcing computing; cloud storage auditing; key update; verifiability.

Abstract
Online consumer behavior is different from offline consumer behavior, onlineconsumer behavior is generally influenced by factors relating to ease,convenience and trust. Online shopping has become a habit among“generation next” consumers. They shop online for products and servicessuch as travel tickets, fashion goods and cinema tickets. People search about various products using various infomediaries and if satisfied they buy online. This trend is seen for less involvement goods and services, although for highinvolvement purchases such as cars and real estate, people use internetmainly as a search and information seeking tool. Another important feature of the interactive marketing communications is that they can be tailored according to an individual at a relatively low cost, unlike in traditional media\ where the same message tends to be broadcast to everyone. Importantly, this individualization can be based on the intelligence collected about site visitors and then stored in a database and subsequently used to target and personalize communications to customers to achieve
relevance in media.The number of online consumers is rapidly growing day by day. The rate isvarying in various parts of the globe, with more online consumers indeveloped countries than that of developing or less developed ones. It is evident that changing life-style and rapid technological development can beconsidered responsible behind the growth of the electronic buying behavior.Internet is used in various stages of decision making process
from the initialscan to the more detailed comparison and even for final check before purchase.

Abstract
The benefit of Indian economic growth has not affected every state in country in an even manner. If this situation is allowed to continue, growth would benefit only a small section of the population and this would have serious social and political consequences. Amongst the many factors that impact the growth of the economy of a state is the status of its public finances. The state of public finances make up the environment within which investment decisions are taken and there is sufficient evidence to show that adverse fiscal balance acts as a deterrent to investment. Hence an attempt is made to assess the public finances of fourteen major states of India for the pre-reform and post-reform periods. To evaluate fiscal performance of a state, non-conventional fiscal imbalance measures such as Resource Gap I, Resource Gap II, Basic Resource Gap I, Basic Resource Gap II, Basic Resource Gap III, Fiscal Dependency Ratio I, Fiscal Dependency Ratio II, Fiscal Dependency Ratio III and Fiscal Stress Ratio have been used.

Abstract
The transportation problem is a special linear programming problem which arises in many practical applications. Pandian[4] has obtain some methods for fuzzy transportation problem. This paper proposes a ranking method to find the fuzzy optimal solution of balanced fuzzy transportation problem using Hexagonal fuzzy numbers with improved Vogel’s Approximation method. Robust Ranking method is applied to arrange the Fuzzy number in a specific interval. For this solution zero suffix method is used in which the supplies and demands are Hexagonal fuzzy numbers and fuzzy membership of the objective function is defined. A numerical example is given to show the efficiency of the method.
Keyword Fuzzy Transportation problem, Hexagonal fuzzy numbers, zero suffix method, Robust Ranking method, fuzzy optimal solution and improved Vogel’s Approximation method.

Abstract
Born in Oklahoma City in 1914, his earliest aspirations were musical. After graduation; Ellison was accepted to
Booker T. Washington‟s Tuskegee Institute in 1933.Like his Invisible Man Ellison received a scholarship from the town‟s leading white men in order to attend college. Ellison wrote his first piece, which he then published in his journal, “New Challenge”.Ralph Ellisons critical and artistic reputation rests largely on a single masterpiece, his first and only novel Invisible Man (1952). It took seven years to complete.Ellison‟s second work was a book of essays entitled Shadow and Act, published in 1964.The Collected essays of Ralph Ellison, edited by John F. Callahan was published posthumously in 1995. At his death in 1994 he left a literary legacy that could well be sustained on the force of his single published novel alone. Invisible Man (1952) was well received, earning Ellison, the National Book Award in 1953. In an oft-cited poll, Invisible Man was named the most distinguished novel of the past twenty-five years. In Ellison‟s view black and white culture were in extricable linked, with almost every facet of American life influenced and impacted by the African-American presence. The universality and accomplishment of Ellisons writing can be seen in the breadth of his continuing influence on other writers, from Toni Morrison and Charles Johnson to Kurt Vonnegut and the late Joseph Heller. Fifty years after the publishing of Invisible Man Ralph Ellison‟s voice continues to speak to all of us. Confusion and the agony of the Black community is very well portrayed through Invisible Man whose role in always defined by others. As Irving commented no other writer has captured so much of the confusion and agony, the hidden gloom and surface gaiety of Negro life. In this paper I propose to discuss how ideologies exploit the Black community especially with the individual personality and how the blacks are betrayed and suppressed by their own race.The narrator difficulties throughout the novel are associated with his race, invisible man is a novel aimed at transcending race and all the other ways humanity has used to categorize people.
Keywords
 Racism
 Individual identity
 Ideology
 Liberty paints plant

Abstract
Technology and financial inclusion are the popular coinage in banking parleys in the country. While technological up gradation and mobile banking are catching up so fast, financial inclusion is tardy. However, the banking industry‟s penetration to unbanked areas is still found sluggish. At one end of his spectrum lies the demand to achieve financial inclusion as nearly 50 percent of the population is yet to be covered under the formal system of banking and at the other end lies the task to fulfill the needs of the existing customer. The role of the Indian (rural sector) duty is challenging task. Rural people are not till able to get awareness towards technology inclusion in banking services. Hence the topic entitled “Attitude of rural people towards technology inclusion in banking services” is undertaken for the present study.
Keywords: technology inclusion, rural people, banking services.

Abstract
As cement industry, is base for the development other industries and economic development of a country, it is important to study the performance of cement industry? The study aimed to analyze liquidity management and its relationship with profitability of ACC Ltd and Ambuja Cements Ltd. during the study period of ten years from 2004-05 to 2013-14. The study used secondary data for analysis; they were collected from annual reports of the respective companies. The study used ratio analysis as financial tool and mean, standard deviation, co-efficient of variation and correlation analysis as statistical tools. The study found that liquidity performance of Ambuja cements was better than ACC Ltd. in terms of current ratio. But both the companies managed their collection and payments very efficiently. These companies collected their dues from customers as quick as possible and they delayed the payments to their creditors as long as possible. It was also found that average payments period, inventory conversion period and cash conversion period had significant relationship with profitability of the company, of which cash conversion period had negative relationship. In case of Ambuja cements no liquidity ratios had significant relationship with profitability.
Key Words: Liquidity, profitability, collection period, payments period, current assets.

Abstract
SashiDeshpande is one of the Indian English woman writers who depict Indian women life in their real form. Sashi deshpande is not only a writer but also an Indian woman who won to describe the under currents of Indian society. She was born in Dharwar in 1938.after graduation, she joined for law. She was a journalist after her studies and that widened her realm of thought and that gave her a chance to know more about Indian society. Among the recent Indian women novelists writing in English, Deshpande has emerged as one of the main stream woman writers in India and has draw critical attention because of her detailed,sensitive and realistic representation of Indian middle class women in the domestic sphere. Her major novels include The Dark Holds No Terror(1980), Roots and Shadows(1983), That Long Silence(1988), The Binding Vine (1992), A Matter of Time (1996), Small Remedies(2000), Moving On(2004)and In The Country of Deceit (2008) Deshpande‟s forte has been the Indian women , her conflicts and predicaments‟ against the background of contemporary India. The issues and themesin her novels arise from the situation of women at the cross read of a traditional society. This paper “The Dark Holds No Terror” deals the trauma of the middle class working women who has become a trap in the male dominated society. Which is reflective of the feminist aspirations? The discard and disillusionment of the educatedwoman in atradition bound „Indian society‟ is the theme of the novel. There is the ultimate realization at the end, after a stretched mental predicament and a long drown introspection. Womenquest for self exploration is the principal theme of this novel.

Key words: alienation,disaffection, selfrecrimination, domination, marriage woes, sense of guilt, self-indicted, etc.

Abstract
Quality in the workplace comes from understanding and then fully meeting, the needs of all the internal and external customers, now and into the future and in doing so to ensure continual improvement in efficiency and effectiveness. QWL refers to the favorableness or un – favorableness of a total job environment of the people. The
basic purpose is to develop jobs and working conditions that are excellent for people as well as for the economic health of the organization. QWL provides a more humanized work environment. It attempts to serve the higher – order needs of workers as well as their more basic needs. It seeks to employ the higher skills of workers and to
provide an environment that encourages improving their skills.
Key Words: Quality of Work Life, Human Resource Development, Organizational Behavior, Quality Circle.

Abstract
Internet is playing a vital role in communication. Fewer decades ago only developed countries were using internet facility more, but now people of all the countries in the world are using internet facility. Internet facility makes our communication easy and economy. In internet technology broadband is the recent development. Cuddalore district is one of the leading users of broadband in the state of Tamilnadu. The study has been made based on primary data collected from 189 respondents using questionnaire in Cuddalore district. The data were collected during January 2017. The researcher applied percentage analysis, and ANOVA as statistical tools. The study evidenced that the customers were more satisfied in procedure of getting connection, time lag of getting connection and installation charges. The customers were less satisfied on the factors of registering complaints, followed by quality of service and uninterrupted services. The satisfaction levels on other factors were moderate. It is suggested that BSNL could attract more customers and retain the existing customers if it come forward to rectify the defects.
Key Words: Broadband, internet, customer satisfaction, demographical variables.

Abstract
The investors felt very much the effect of introduction of New Economic Policy, 1991.In this situation greater investment competition and also economical change in perception are the greater challenges to the women investors. These changes are due to many factors. If the women investor understands the factors clearly and properly he can make a sound investment decisions. The primary objective of this study is to create good investment and awareness for the country. Demographic factors such as Age, Income, Family hold, Occupation, Family circumstances, Employment Status and Investment conditions such as Choice of Portfolio, Risk Bearing Capacity, and Sources of Information also play a vital role in determining investments. By analyzing these demographic and environmental factors, the study gives an idea how to create investor awareness. The objective of this study is to analyses the Investment size pattern, Expected Returns and the Risk bearing capacity.
Key words: savings, investment, empowerment, financial decision, women investors.

Abstract
Public sector enterprises have been set up to serve the broad macroeconomic objectives of higher economic growth, self sufficiency in production of goods and services, long term equilibrium in balance of payments and low and stable prices. The CPSEs play a critical role in the Indian economy. They influence the growth in the economy and are affected by the overall growth in the economy. Public sector undertakings have laid a strong foundation for the industrial development of the country. However, the Government of India has initiated the disinvestment process in ONGC during the year 2011-12. As such, it is proposed in this paper to analyze the operating and financial performance of the company during the pre and post disinvestment period.
Key-words: Dis-Investment; Public Sector Enterprises; Operating Performance; Financial Performance.

Abstract
The global economic scenario has been fast changing. Scientific and technological advancements have transformed our industrial enterprises. Sophisticated projects aimed at enriching the quality of life and due to this the common man’s quality of life in society has been on the increase. Communication facilities have shortened the distance between nations and people. People have access to information even from remote corners. Medical advancements have provided relief to innumerable number of sick people all over the country. While one  can be legitimately proud of these advancements and developments and these developments have also left behind many unforeseen problems and issues, which are becoming formidable to face. The society appears to be struck with destructive forces. The values are getting further diluted. The cultural backup is losing its strength. This study is entitled with strategic human resource management with a special reference of Visakhapatnam steel plant
RINL.

Abstract
Safety is considered as an important function to be used against un-necessary loss of property, injury or death. Preventing occupational injuries and illness should be a primary concern of all employers. Worker safety continues to be an issue plaguing the construction industry. The number of workplace injuries and illnesses has remained constant for years. Keeping workers safe and protecting them against accidents and injuries should be the top priority for all business owners. That is a massive amount of lost productivity due to injuries and illnesses.
Keywords: Construction Safety, Safety Culture, Safety Constraints

Abstract
The aim of this research is to understand the factors behind coconut oil purchase decisions of consumers. Nowadays companies make use of various strategies in order to attract new customers, retain existing customers and differentiate their products from those of their competitors.. Consumers are now able to compare many features in the commodities like quality, price and value for money to decide which product they want to buy for their needs. This paper focus on buying decision of consumer towards branded coconut oil products were the fastest growing category in commodity market. The model aim at giving the consolidated brand loyalty scores for the different brands. The research presents a strategic framework for building strong brands in commodity products and providing various strategies to increase brand awareness and create a loyal customer base. The study involved a questionnaire administered to 100 consumers between April 2017 and May 2017. The consumers were chosen by convenience sampling method. 

Keyword: Quality, Price Loyalty, Branding, Comparison

Abstract
India’s currencies in circulation are at 12.1% of GDP. Cash on hand is projected around 3.2% of household assets, higher than investment in equities, or roughly around $ 220 billion. In cash, 87% is in the form of Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes or roughly around Rs.14 lakh crores ($190 billion). On that the significant portion of the household cash on hand is generated by economic transactions that are not reported to tax authorities or generated through corruption. Removing the higher denomination money would either result in these being brought into the system or the money just disappearing. In this paper an attempt has been to made to list out the probable consequences of this decision on various economic variables. Demonetisation is paves the new opportunities as well as misery to the economy of India.
Keywords: Demonetisation, Opportunities,

Abstract
Eco-friendly products are the products that do not harm the environment whether in their production, use or disposal. Hence these products help to preserve the environment by significantly reducing the pollution they could produce. The study has analyzed the purchase of eco-friendly products in Villupuram town of Tamilnadu. For this purpose the researcher collected primary data from 150 respondents from 42 wards of the town through interview schedule. The data collection was made in the study area during the month of February, 2017. The researcher has used percentage and chi-square test as statistical analysis. The study found that gender and occupation did not have significant relationship with source of awareness about eco-friendly products, whereas age had significant relationship with source of awareness. It was observed that easy handling and easy availability were the major reasons for buying eco-friendly products by the respondents. About half of the respondents bought eco-friendly products from small retail shops. Satisfaction on eco-friendly products and type of merchants from whom the respondents bought the product had significant relationship. It was also found that the respondents in the study area were satisfied in using paper based eco-friendly products.
Key Words: Eco-friendly, environment, satisfaction and merchant.

Abstract
The present study is concerned with Marketing Strategies of Readymade garments industries in India. The marketing practices of garments units, problems faced by them in implementing the marketing strategies and measures needed to solve these problems, come under the purview of this study. The main focus is on the marketing strategies used by the various sectors in the area of production, promotion, distribution and pricing. In a layman language the term strategy is a term related to „warfare or a plan to win a war‟. But in the business world it refers to plans relating to marketing, financing and manufacturing operations. Executives of different business organizations concentrate their efforts to win the biggest possible share of the targeted market. The field of strategy planning is much wider. It deals with the adjustment of controllable factors, viz, production, physical distribution, promotion and pricing within the environment of uncontrollable factors, viz, competition, legal barriers, interference of different behaviors and scientific and technological differentiation

Abstract
It is a well-known fact that digital India is the outcome of many innovations and technological advancements. These transform the lives of people in many ways and will empower the society in a better manner. The 'Digital India' programmes an initiative of honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, will emerge new progressions in every sector and generates innovative endeavors for geNext. The motive behind the concept is to build participative, transparent and responsive system. The Digital India drive is a dream project of the Indian Government to remodel India into a knowledgeable economy and digitally empowered society, with good governance for citizens by bringing synchronization and co-ordination in public accountability, digitally connecting and delivering the government programs and services to mobilize the capability of information technology across government departments. Today, every nation wants to be fully digitalized and this programme strives to provide equal benefit to the user and service provider. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to understand Digital India – as a campaign where technologies and connectivity will come together to make an impact on all aspects of governance and improve the quality of life of citizens.

Abstract
The paper aims to analyse the impact of brand equity dimensions on repurchase intention in the Smart Phone Industry in Chennai. Based on a sample of 200 consumers in Chennai City, descriptive and inferential analysis are carried out. Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis are used to test the hypotheses. The research reveals that brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, brand trust and brand loyalty have a significant impact on consumers‟ intention to repurchase the Smart Phones. The study suggests that Smart Phone manufacturers should build a brand and promote its brand awareness through sales promotion, advertising, and other marketing activities. When brand awareness is high, its brand association and loyalty will also increase. Consumers will evaluate perceived quality of a product from their purchase experience. As a result, brand trust and brand loyalty will increase and also improve the repurchase intention towards the Smart Phones.
Keywords: Brand Awareness, Brand Association, Perceived Quality, Brand Trust, Brand Loyalty, Repurchase Intention.

ABSTRACT
Pakistan became a Sovereign, Independent State in 1947. The political and ideological basis of Pakistan is the two-nation theory of Muhammad All Jinnah; which states that the Hindus and Muslims constitute two separate nations. Pakistan as created was a geographical monstrosity with no modern precedent in history - with two wings as West Pakistan and East Pakistan. Its national identify was thin and vulnerable. Its leadership was alien to the inhabitants of the territory which was now called Pakistan. The first popularly elected government of Pakistan led by Z.A. Bhutto failed miserably toestablish democratic traditions in the country. The authoritarianism and arrogant attitude
of Bhutto andsome of the progressive socioeconomic measures adopted by him alienated the powerful feudal and capitalist elements, as well as the army and the bureaucracy, which has had only contempt for democracy. So, the military bureaucratic clique, which so far tasted political power, again got a ‘golden opportunity’ to subvert the democratic process in Pakistan.

Abstract
The Job satisfaction has gotten a critical subject to peruse for laborers. Delegates should be managed sensibly and with veneration. Occupation satisfaction to some degree implies that incredible treatment and energetic flourishing. Directors should focus in on work satisfaction of agents in light of the fact that baffled specialists are get upset and offer inferior kinds of help. Satisfaction with one's work is a critical part for the joy of agents anyway by and by a day it's getting pulverized due to various factors.