Journal Issues

Abstract 

Kudumbasree units play a prominent role for the development of economy. Kudumbasree is a female oriented community based poverty reduction programme launched by the Government of Kerala. The aim of this mission is the empowerment of women through Self Help Groups and encouraging their entrepreneurial skills and activities. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of kudumbasree units in entrepreneurship development with special reference to Valapad panchayath of Thrissur district. The study is designed as descriptive one based on primary and secondary data. The study mainly focused on the various business activities done by the kudumbasree units in the selected area and the identification of entrepreneurial qualities of members of these units. The data have been analysed by using simple arithmetical and statistical tools. The study reveals that kudumbasree units have an important role in entrepreneurship development especially in rural areas. The entrepreneurial qualities of members like leadership quality, self-confidence and decision making power have increased after joining the kudumbasree units. The study also shows that kudumbasree units have a greater role in the socio-economic development of entrepreneurs especially women entrepreneurs in rural areas. Keywords: Entrepreneurship qualities, Kudumbasree units, Women empowerment.

Abstract 

One has to believe that the progress of any nation is inevitably linked with the social and economic plight of women in a particular country. Participation in SHGs can bring enviable changes and enhancement in the standard of living of women which could be their empowerment in poor and developing nations. Self Help Group (SHG) is a process by which a group of 10-20 women with common objectives are facilitated to come together voluntarily to participate in the development activities like savings, credit and income generation and thereby ensure economic independence. The basic principle which underlies the SHGs is to finance the poor to achieve holistic empowerment. SHG phenomenon brings the following qualities: group consciousness among women, sense of belongingness, self-confidence and self-reliance. When a woman becomes a member of SHG, her sense of public participation, enlarged horizon of social activities, high self-esteem, self-respect and fulfillment in life become expanding and enhance the status of women. Thus, the SHGs can be an effective instrument to empower women socially and economically.4 a sizable portion of India s rural population lives Below Poverty Line (BPL). They are doing their traditional work and they are not able to come up because of their financial crises. Even after Independence, there has been no proper banking system to meet the credit needs of the poor. Cooperative banks, nationalized banks and other commercial banks offer credit to the institutions but not to the poor persons. But in recent years, Self Help Groups are emerging as an alternative mechanism to meet the urgent credit needs of the poor through thrift.

Abstract
The banks are essentially engaged in the business of financial intermediation which involves mobilization of deposits and granting of loans and advances to the needy. While mobilization of deposits and funds entails a cost in the form of interest paid on deposits and borrowings, the lending operations are the mainstay of income stream for the banks. The banks need to manage the size of deposits and borrowings on the side of liability management so as to commensurate with their requirement of funds to be deployed in the form of loans and advances. The management of liabilities and assets of the bank is an exercise of balancing the size pricing and tenor of the deposits and advances after factoring adequate amount on account of pre-emptive investment viz., Cash Reserve Ratio and Statutory Liquidity Ratio. The banks which are able to evolve the resource mobilization and deployment models so as to ensure regular and adequate flow of income are considered efficient in their operations. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the sources and deployment of working funds of SBI and select associate banks.
 

Abstract
In Wireless Sensor Network, network lifetime greatly depends upon the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. Data aggregation and collection is considered as an important and necessary to save the energy and to prolong the network lifetime. In the existing system, Single Mobile Sink Node was used for receiving the data from the Cluster Head (CH). In the proposed system, Multiple Mobile Sink Nodes are considered for receiving data from the Cluster Head and transmit it to the Base Station (BS). Single CH is generated for each Cluster in random manner by using K-Means Algorithm. The Mobile Sink Node visits the CH as hostile and collect the data’s from the allocated CH. The sensor nodes present in the cluster transmits the data to the CH in a Single-Hop fashion. The node consists of energy for routing process. Due to the routing process the energy can drain quickly and the CH can also drain energy at this stage, the node with the highest energy can be selected using Energy Aware Routing Protocol. This process can run continuously and randomly the CH can be changed and the CH does not remain constant. By using the Energy Aware Routing Protocol (ERP) increase the network lifetime and minimize the energy consumption when compared with the existing system. To stimulate the environment using MATLAB and the stimulation results verify the effectiveness of our method

Abstract
The Approximate hardware circuits contrary to software approximations offer transistor reduction, lower dynamic and leakage power, lower circuit delay and opportunity for downsizing. Motivated by the limited research on approximate multipliers, compared with the extensive research on approximate adders, and explicitly the lack of approximate techniques targeting the partial product generation, we introduce the partial product perforation method for creating approximate multipliers .we prove in a mathematical manner that in partial product perforation , the imposed errors are bounded and predictable .We show that, compared with the respective exact design, the partial product perforation delivers reductions of up to 50% in power consumption, 45% in area, and 35% in critical delay. In addition, the product perforation method is compared with the state-of-the-art approximation techniques, i.e., truncation, voltage over scaling, and logic approximation, showing that it outperforms them in terms of power dissipation and error.

Abstract
The growth in the production of fruits and vegetables assumes critical importance now-a-days due to the increase in the demand generated by the rapid increase in population and has been accelerated further by the rise in the levels of income of the people and the consequent change in the pattern of consumption. Fruits, observes Bakhru, play a unique role in developing countries like India, both in economic and social sphere for improving income and nutritional status, particularly of rural masses. Today, the need for meeting the minimum nutritional level of a diet of a common man is assuming greater importance. And, the cultivation of fruits and vegetables assume more importance for as protective food they provide much needed nourishment, supporting vitamins, minerals and also in improving the protein value in foods. Besides their value in human consumption, these crops play an important role in the economy of the country. Among fruits and vegetables banana is a prominent and special crop with its peculiarities such as non-seasonal character, one year gestation period, single bunch output and perishable in a short period of seven to ten days. According to Subramanian, the growth of area and production of banana crop have increased in India as a whole. But the rate of growth has been very low. In majority of states the productivity of banana has decreased. This shows that urgent measures are required for arresting the decrease in productivity of banana crop. Hence this study is concerned about banana cultivation in Tirunelveli Kattabomman district.

Abstract
Working Capital is the life blood of every business concern. Business firm cannot make progress without adequate working capital. Inadequate working capital means shortage of inputs, whereas excess leads to extra cost. So the quantum of working capital in every business firm should be neither more nor less, than what is actually required. The management has to see that funds invested as working capital in their organization earn return at least as much as they would have earned return if it invested anywhere else. At the time of increasing capital costs and scare funds, the area of working capital management assumes added importance as it deeply influences a firm's liquidity and profitability. A notable feature of utilization of funds is that they are of recurring nature. Therefore, efficient working capital management requires a proper balance between generation and utilization of these funds without which either shortage of funds will cause obstruction in the smoother functioning of the organization or excess funds will prevent the firm from conducting its business efficiently. So the main objective of working capital management is to arrange the needed funds on the right time from the right source and for the right period, so that a tradeoff between liquidity and profitability may be achieved. A firm may exist without making profits but cannot survive without liquidity. The function of working capital management organization is similar that of heart in a human body. Also it is an important function of financial management. The financial manager must determine the satisfactory level of working capital funds and also the optimum mix of current assets and current liabilities. He must ensure that the appropriate sources of funds are used to finance working capital and should also see that short term obligation of the business are met well in time.

Abstract
Internet Banking refers to the provision of information or services by a bank to its customers, via a computer, television, telephone, or mobile phone. It has emerged as a strategic resource for attaining efficiency, control operations, productivity, and profitability. It has changed the traditional way of banking transactions. This paper analyses the customers of Indian Bank in Namakkal town. The survey concludes that the Internet Banking leads the customers to a benefit at the large extent.
Key Words: Internet Banking, convenience, 24 hour service