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Development of coconut shell waste based paver blocks and concrete: A Review
Manasa .R
Pages: 1-5 | First Published: 05 Sep 2021
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Abstract
We have a propensity in this article to examine using coconut shell as a coarse aggregate in concrete. Due to increased need for construction materials for infrastructure, we will employ coconut shell as an alternative ingredient inside the concrete paver block mix. This paper looks at how coconut shell waste can be used to make paver blocks. The qualities of concrete that have been combined with coconut shell are examined and associated to related standards. The analysis of literature revealed that waste from coconut shell has a noticeable potential as a partial replacement for conventional materials, as most of the created products meet the specifications. There is little research on durability, low density, and thermal qualities, though. As a result, compressive strength, durability strength, and split tensile strengths were used to summaries the various types of tests depending on days. Cement concrete, which also comprises fine and coarse particles, plays an essential role among low-cost construction materials. Coconut shell is one of the waste materials come from coconut plant that can be utilized in concrete as a rough mix.
Keywords: Coconut shell, Compression, tensile strength, durability properties

Reference 
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Use of Waste Ground Nut Shell in the Development of Various Construction Products
Pavan Kumar .P
Pages: 6-11 | First Published: 05 Sep 2021
Full text | Abstract | Purchase | References | Request permissions

Abstract
The construction industry will have an increasing problem in meeting increased demand, and production of construction materials such as bricks, concrete, mortar and steel will expand. Agricultural businesses, on the other hand, generate massive amounts of residues each year all throughout the world, posing concerns about the environment because the majority of these wastes are either burnt or dumped in landfills. Many agricultural waste materials Agricultural waste products have already been employed in a variety of applications such as in concrete, mortar as aggregate, or binding material substitutes. This review examines the use of groundnut shell ash in the manufacture of bricks, cement mortar, and cement concrete. various qualities of bricks, concrete, cement mortar when groundnut shell ashes are added with these materials are examined, and criteria that are related to various standards are compared. Because majority of the created materials meet the specifications, the analysis of literature revealed a visible potential for ground nut shell ash as a Substitution of a portion for materials that are commonly used. However, there is a dearth of research on durability and thermal qualities. Furthermore, existing research is insufficient to determine the wastes' potential for reuse in the manufacture of construction materials. As a result, substantial study is required to reinforce current knowledge in this subject in order to meet long-term objectives in the building business.
Keywords: Environmental pollution, Groundnut shell, Bricks, Concrete, Mortar.

References 
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5. Zhang, X., Shen, J., Wang, Y., Qi, Y., Liao, W., Shui, W., … Yu, X. (2017). An environmental sustainability assessment of China’s cement industry based on emergy. Ecological Indicators, 72, 452–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.08.046. 

6. Rashad, A. M. (2015). A brief on high-volume Class F fly ash as cement replacement – A guide for Civil Engineer. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.10.002.
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