Journal Issues

Abstract
Working Capital Management plays an important role in the better performance of business organizations. The present study investigates the impact of working capital management on Mahesh Extrusions Limited. Decisions concerning capital include maintaining relationships between an organization’s current assets and current liabilities to ascertain whether the organization is in a position to maintain its operations and possess healthy cash flows to satisfy future operational expenses at low prices in turn improving the organization’s profit. The capitals generally move with the operating cycle. This paper mainly concentrates on investigating the capacity of assets through the relationship between the operating cycle and the profitability of Mahesh Extrusions Limited.
Keywords: Operating Cycle, Working Capital, Profitability.

Abstract
The situation of drought is very common in the state of Rajasthan and drought studies are important in the context of Rajasthan because they influence the society and the economy of this state. An attempt in this direction of thought would certainly help one to understand. the natural process of drought for further work. Drought and Rajasthan seems to be synonymous. Drought is a natural disastrous phenomenon and it differs from other natural hazards. Drought is taken to have occurred over an area where the annual rainfall is less than 75 percent of the normal, and if the annual rainfall is less than 50 percent of the normal it is called a severe drought. Draught-affected areas in Rajasthan are lagging in agriculture and also in overall economic growth. They experience wide year-to-year fluctuations in agricultural production and incomes and have a relatively high incidence of poverty. At the time of drought in Rajasthan humans and animals migrate in search of fodder and water to the neighboring states which upsets the economic balance. The present paper tries to analyze the impact of drought on the performance of the agriculture sector in Rajasthan.
Keywords: Draught, Cropped area, production, productivity, agriculture inputs.

Abstract
Rajasthan’s economy continues to be predominantly agrarian. About 75 percent population in Rajasthan lives in rural areas, which depends directly or indirectly on the agricultural sector. Similarly, the share of the state’s rural labor force employed in agriculture (main workers) was found very high in Rajasthan. Thus, it is evident that the rural labor force depends mostly on agriculture and is unlikely to reduce drastically shortly. In addition to this, the direct impact of agricultural growth on the generation of rural employment and incomes, and its significant secondary linkages with the development of rural non-farm sectors are more crucial. The economy of Rajasthan is mostly dependent on agriculture and 20 percent of the state’s GDP comes from agriculture. Recognized as the largest state of India, Rajasthan has a cultivated area of almost 20 million hectares but due to some unavoidable circumstances, 20% of the total cultivated area is irrigated. In recent years significant change in cropping patterns in Rajasthan has been observed. In Rajasthan is clear shift from food crops to non-food crops is seen and thus a paper study of the relation between irrigated areas and food & non-food crops is proposed. In pursuance of the main objective to study the various aspects of agricultural development of Rajasthan, a perusal and systematic analysis of the prevailing agricultural economy of Rajasthan become imperative. In this paper, a careful assessment of the performance of the agricultural sector of the state will be carried out, and also in this paper basic features of the agricultural economy of Rajasthan will be highlighted. For this purpose, simple statistical techniques are extensively used such as percentages, averages, index numbers, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and coefficient of variation.
Keywords: Agrarian economy, cropping pattern, irrigated area, GDP, NSDP, CAGR.

Abstract
The cooperative credit structure in India is almost a century old. The cooperatives were the only institutions providing institutional credit to agriculture till the commercial banks emerged on the scene in a big way, particularly, after their nationalization in 1969 and social banking became their major thrust. Credit cooperatives today cover 69% of the rural credit outlets and their share in rural credit works out to about 45 % of the total credit for the rural sector in the country. The economy of Rajasthan continues to be agrarian and agrarian-dominated and according to the 2011 census, about two-thirds of the population still lives in rural areas, which directly or indirectly depend on the agricultural sector for their livelihood. After 70 years of independence still large numbers of people in rural areas of Rajasthan are struggling for their basic needs of livelihood. In rural areas of Rajasthan, a large number of people are still living below the poverty line and they are not benefited by microfinance by the cooperative sector. The role of credit in the agricultural economy is crucial and it helps in enhancing productivity and promoting the standard of living of the farmers. The economy of Rajasthan is agriculture based and thus cooperative movement in Rajasthan plays a very significant role in the social and economic development of the state, particularly in rural areas. Initially, this movement was confined to agricultural credit, later on, it rapidly spread to other fields like agro-processing, agro-marketing, milk production, rural industries, etc. The very purpose of the present study is to examine the growth and performance of the cooperative sector for agriculture credit in India and with special reference to Rajasthan from 2005-06 to 2015-16. The study also analyzes the role of PACS, DCCBS, and SCBS separately in agricultural credit, for this purpose Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR) has been calculated.
Keywords: Cooperative banks, Agricultural credit, PACS, DCCBS, SCBS, Rural credit, Rajasthan

Abstract
Traditional banking offers many services to their customers, viz., accepting deposits, lending loans, and other services that enhance the quality of banking. On the other hand online banking is the process through which customers may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a bank. Providing timely, quick, reliable services attracts more customers with less cost, efficiency, and availability of services. The successful implementation of online banking depends upon the awareness of customers about online banking facilities. This paper examines the perception of customers towards the services provided by banks through the Internet in Trichy City. A survey result was obtained from 30 respondents.
Keywords: Online banking, ATM, Internet, Mobile banking.

Abstract
This paper examines the awareness and effectiveness of the new amendment in the IT Act, Place of Effective Management (PoEM). The main objective of this amendment is to bring all those companies that were incorporated outside India but operated from India to evade tax. This article examines the data collected with correlation and ANOVA tests. With the results, we could infer that the respondents were aware of the new amendment and the respondents expect the amendment to be effective. The article concludes by showing that this amendment will bring the necessary changes in determining the residential status of a company. 

Keywords: New amendment, Awareness, PoEM, Income-tax Act, residential status of companies.

Abstract
Over the years, REITS have emerged as one of the most promising sources of investment. Many countries around the world have been using REITS as one of the most popular tools for large-scale investment. The Asian continent is the home of so many things. REITS have started their journey in many of Asian countries for quite some time now. The Asian tiger countries particularly Malaysia and Singapore have been showing a way forward to move forward like rising eagles. Both of these countries have been found using REITS as a modern tool of investment to attract foreign and local investors. Due to differences among countries and other factors, differences have also been observed in the performances of the REITS in different countries. Hence, the main objective of this study has been formulated to study the REITS in Malaysia and Singapore and find out the differences in their performances. With the analysis of the collected data, it has been found overall the REIT market in both countries i.e. Malaysia and Singapore has been performing well. It has also been found the Singaporean REITS (S-REIT) is performing better than the Malaysian REITS (M-REITS).

Abstract
The term ‘Entrepreneurship’ has many definitions. Schumpeter (1965) associates it with individuals who exploit market opportunities, Drucker (1970) relates it to the practice of starting new organizations and Hirsch (1990) characterizes an entrepreneur as someone who demonstrates initiative and creative thinking. Drawing from the French word ‘Entreprendre’ which means ‘undertaking’, we believe that Entrepreneurship in its crudest form is undertaking risk to run a business venture. Going by this conviction, we have done a study on the Paying Guest accommodation owners in Bangalore. According to us, they are ‘Entrepreneurs’. Their business idea may not be creative, but they do undertake risks, invest carefully, and go through all the challenges that any other Entrepreneur faces. This paper revolves around two research questions. (I) What motivates a person to start a Paying Guest accommodation business and (2) what are the challenges faced by these PG owners? To arrive at the answers, face-to-face interviews with P.G. owners were conducted. Findings throw light on push and pull factors influencing the PG owner’s decision to take up such a business venture. Challenges faced by these PG owners also have been explained.

Abstract
This research article has analyzed the preference of consumers toward organized retail outlets. The tastes and preferences of consumers are changing day by day. They prefer to have a comfortable shopping experience, a wide variety of products and services, parking facilities, payment options, after-sale service, etc. In this study, the researcher tries to understand the factors that are attracting consumers to organized retail outlets. From the study, it could be understood that organized retailers are an inevitable element in the retail market of Kerala. It is they who meet the needs of the consumers without delay. The traditional retailers of Kerala cannot meet the consumer's needs in full due to a lack of facilities and offers.

Abstract
Performance analysis of Malaysian Islamic banks is the main aim of this study. Three performance indicators, namely Profitability, Liquidity, and Credit risk of the banks are being analyzed. Data collected is standardized to 2010 prices as per the wholesale price index of Malaysia equal to 100. The obtained data is analyzed with the help of ratio analysis. Under profitability performance, the Real return on assets ratio and Real return on equity ratio are analyzed. Under liquidity performance, the Real net loan to total asset ratio, Real liquid asset to customer deposit ratio, and Real net loan to total deposits and borrowings ratio are analyzed. Under Credit risk performance, Real Common equity to total asset ratio, Real Total equity to net loan ratio, and Real Impaired loans to net loan ratio is analyzed. Two major findings of the study are: (i) the liquidity risk of all the banks has increased which has resulted in a decline in the convertibility of banks to convert its assets into face value; and (ii) under credit risk performance real impaired loan to net loan ratio, which is the most important criteria to assess the quality of loans or assets of all the banks has improved increasing the asset/credit performance of the banks.
Keywords: Performance, Profitability, Liquidity, Credit risk, RROA, RROE.

Abstract
Work stress has emerged as one of the important and focal areas for research in present-day organizations. This paper investigates the Reasons of job stress, effects of job stress and the Job satisfaction of the employees in a private organization. The questionnaire method was mainly used to gather the primary data. Secondary data from relevant resources have also been effectively utilized in this research to reach valid theoretical findings and conclusions A sample of 100 employees from a private organization in Vellore was used for this analysis. Reasons for Job stress and its effect have been measured by conflict at work, workload, and physical environment and it causes physical, psychological, and behavioral problems. Researches provide solid evidence of problems caused by job stress. Stress causes various psychological problems like anger, depression, anxiety, irritability, and tension and this influences the motivation of employees to a considerable extent also this study reinforces the importance of employee job satisfaction which is essential for a successful firm in the current era.
Keywords: Job stress; Effects of job stress; Job Satisfaction; conflict; workload; physical and psychological environment.

Abstract
Transport plays a significant role in the economic development of any region. As road transport provides door-to-door connection and flexible movement of goods and passengers, its patronage by people is on the rise day by day. The quality of life now greatly depends on the quality of roads. India has an extensive road network, which provides mobility to millions of people every day. Thus road transport is one of the important growth engines for the social and economic development of the country.

Abstract
This study focused on KM practices in Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). A random sample was used which consisted of (120) Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in the Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu. The study has focused on the KM infrastructure on the Knowledge Management Process. The study covered 12 factors that are significant for the practice of KM in MSMEs. An instrument survey set was designed by researchers. The instrument was checked and evaluated. The study data were analyzed by using SPSS software on the base of practicing KM in MSMEs. The study result shows that all involved factors are significant.
Keywords: Knowledge Management, Micro Small, and Medium Enterprises Infrastructure dimension.

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of a macroeconomic variable, the Index of Industrial Production on the BSE stock Index movement in India. Time series data (every month) for five years is used for conducting the empirical analysis. The data was first treated for the Stationarity test using ADF, followed by Multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The results of the analysis reveal that there is a significant relation between the regressor (IIP) and the regressand (stock prices), thus accepting the Alternative Hypothesis.
Keywords: Knowledge Management, Micro Small, and Medium Enterprises Infrastructure dimension.

Abstract
The process of decentralization in Kerala was launched during the IX plan period as the ‘People’s Plan Campaign’ to emphasize the concept of participatory planning that was new to the people, people’s representatives, and officials in local governments. Under the X Plan, the decentralization program in Kerala was restructured and named as ‘Kerala Development Plan’ (KDP). During the XI Plan, the entire process was revamped by giving stress to the concept of people’s Planning’, focusing on the completion of the process of institutionalization of decentralization. The XII plan approach envisaged some concrete steps to strengthen the planning process with the use of information technology.
Keywords: LSGs(Local self-governments), Productive, service, infrastructure.

Abstract

 Population ageing is an inevitable outcome of demographic transition. Economic and social impact of ageing is an issue of concern and must be adequately addressed. As per the 2011 census, among the Indian states, Kerala has the highest proportion of elderly in the total population and among the districts in Kerala, Pathanamthitta district has the highest proportion of elderly.  The elderly women often face the triple dilemma- aged, female and widow. This paper looks into the disease conditions of the elderly women, and their health seeking behaviour in the study area of Pathanamthitta district of Kerala. The study confirms the episodes of multiple ailments and lifestyle diseases among the elderly women and there is no significant variation in the system of medicine used as between the rural and the urban areas.

Keywords: Ageing, elderly women, health seeking behaviour

Abstract
Liquidity risk can be measured by two main methods which are liquidity gap and liquidity ratios. The liquidity gap is the difference between assets and liabilities at both present and future dates. Liquidity ratios on the other hand are three liquidity ratios and they include the current ratio, the quick ratio, and the capital ratio. Liquidity management is very important for every organization that expects to pay current obligations on business, for example operating and financial expenses that are short-term. Liquidity, therefore, not only helps ensure that a person or business always has a reliable supply of cash close at hand, but it is a powerful tool in determining the financial health of future investments as well. Under critical conditions, a lack of enough liquidity even results in a bank‘s bankruptcy. The objective of this paper is to study the liquidity position of the business unit, to measure the liquidity positions of the business unit, and to provide valuable suggestions to the company.
Keywords: Liquidity, financial performance, Company performance

Abstract
The paper attempts to highlight the methodological limitations faced by third-world country social scientists. It points out the domination of Eurocentricism in the discipline of social sciences and the difficulty of transcending the same. The author takes up the works of Adam Mckoewn and Prabhu Mohapatra to illustrate the same. The Paper ends with the author’s proposal for understanding this limitation and to profess the same in the short run; and calls for the development of novel methodological tools which are not ‘anti-Eurocentric critic’ of Eurocentrism’.
Keywords: Eurocentricism, Modernity, Social Sciences, Migrations