Altruism in Economics: A Theoretical Enquiry Through Economic Literature

Abstract
This paper endeavors to survey the different types of present-day altruistic theories in the assessment of the Smithian transformation. Smith rejected these magnanimity theories in favor of something based on empathy. In all honesty, very few market experts (e.g., Collard, (1978); Honest, (1988). In any case, only a few understood what it implied and its significance in modern chat.Region I-diagram of Smith's speculation. Region II-Smith's assessment of the three speculations of consideration. Region III explains how the state-of-the-art approaches disregard to answer Smith's assessment.
Keywords: Charitableness, pleasure, egocentricity

Reference

1. Aubrey, J. (1898), Brief Lives, chiefly of contemporaries, set down by John Aubrey, between the Years 1669 & 1696, vol. 1 (A-H), ed. Andrew Clark, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
2. Becker, G.S. (1976), "Altruism, Egoism, and Genetic Fitness: Economics and Sociobiology", Journal of Economic Literature, 4, pp. 817-26. (Reprinted in Zamagni, 1995.)
3. Becker, G.S. (1981), "Altruism in the Family and Selfishness in the Market Place", Economica, 48, pp. 1-15. (Reprinted in Zamagni, 1995.)
4. Bergstrom, T.C. (1995), "On the Evolution of Altruistic Ethical Rules for Siblings", American Economic Review, 85, pp. 58-81.
5. Brennan, G. and L. Lomasky (1985), "The Impartial Spectator Goes to Washington : Toward a Smithian Theory of Electoral Behavior", Economics and Philosophy, 1, pp. 189-211.
6. Collard, D. (1978), Altruism and Economy: A Study in Non-Selfish Economics, Oxford, Martin Robertson.
7. Etzioni, A. (1986), "The Case for a Multiple-Utility Conception", Economics and Philosophy, 2, pp. 159-183.
8. Frank, R.H. (1988), Passions Within Reason: The Strategic Role of the Emotions, New York, W.W. Norton.
9. Getty, G. (1989), "The Hunt for r: One-Factor and Transfer Theories", Social Science Information, 28, pp. 385-428.
10. Haakonssen, K. (1981), The Science of a Legislator: The Natural Jurisprudence of David Human and Adam Smith, Cambridge University Press.
11. Hamilton, W.D. (1964), "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior", I, II, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, pp. 1-16, 17-52.
12. Khalil, E.L. (1990), "Beyond Self-Interest and Altruism: A Reconstruction of Adam Smith's Theory of Human Conduct", Economics and Philosophy, 6, pp. 255-273. (Reprinted in Zamagni, 1995.)
13. Khalil, E.L. (1996), "Respect, Admiration, Aggrandizement: Adam Smith as Economic Psychologist", Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, pp. 555-577.
14. Khalil, E.L. (1998), "Is Justice the Primary Feature of the State ? Adam Smith's Critique of Social Contract Theory", European Journal of Law and Economics, 6, pp. 215-230.
15. Khalil, E.L. (1999), "Sentimental Fools: A Critique of Amartya Sen's Notion of Commitment", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 40, pp. 373-386. (URL www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01672681)
16. Khalil, E.L. (2000), "Beyond Natural Selection and Divine Intervention: The Lamarckian Implication of Adam Smith's Invisible Hand", Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 10, pp. 373-393.
17. Mackie, J. (1980), Hume's Moral Theory, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
18. Margolis, H. (1982), Selfishness, Altruism, and Rationality: A Theory of Social Choice, Cambridge University Press.
19. Mead, G.H. (1934), Mind, Self and Society, edited by C.W. Morris, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
20. Monroe, K.R. (1996), The Heart of Altruism: Perceptions of a Common Humanity, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
21. Rosen, R. (1991), Life Itself: A Comprehensive Inquiry into the Nature, Origin, and Fabrication of Life, New York, Columbia University Press.
22. Sagoff, M. (1986), "Values and Preferences", Ethics, 96, pp. 301-316.
23. Sen, A.K. (1977), "Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory", Philosophy & Public Affairs, 6, pp. 317-344.
24. Sen, A.K. (1985), "Goals, Commitment, and Identity", Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 1, pp. 341-355. (Reprinted in Zamagni, 1995.)
25. Simon, H.A. (1990), "A Mechanism for Social Selection and Successful Altruism", Science, 250, pp. 1665-1668. (Reprinted in Zamagni, 1995.)
26. Smith, A. (1976), The Theory of Moral Sentiments, edited by D.D. Raphael & A.L. Macfie, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
27. Walzer, M. (1983), Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality, New York, Basic Books.
28. Wilson, E.O. (1975), Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
29. Zamagni, S. (ed.) (1995), The Economics of Altruism, Aldershot, UK, Edward Elgar.