Abstract
Sustainability has become an important focus in higher education as institutions try to reduce environmental impact while maintaining quality learning. This study examines students’ perceptions of the environmental footprint of digital, traditional, and hybrid learning models. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Percentage analysis and visualization were conducted using Power BI, and a Chi-square test in R was used to examine the relationship between environmental perceptions and support for hybrid learning.
The findings show that most respondents believe digital learning has a lower environmental impact, mainly due to reduced transportation and resource usage. At the same time, hybrid learning is widely accepted as a balanced and sustainable approach. The study highlights the importance of combining digital efficiency with physical interaction to support both sustainability and effective learning in higher education.
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