Abstract
The increasing demand for e-commerce together with consumer requirements drives the necessityfor advanced last-mile deliverysolutions in urban logistics operations. The segment stands as a critical component which accounts for 41–53% of total supply chain costs while presenting difficulties and potential advantages. Self-driving trucks together with drones and artificial intelligence-assisted route planning and micro-full fillment centers drive changes in delivery structures to provide faster and cleaner and cheaper service. The implementation of IOT and block chain technologies enhances transparency and efficiency while predictive analytics optimizes fleet planning. The development of hybrid delivery systems which merge company-owned fleets with crowd sourced logistics services emerges to address scalability issues. The main problem of urban congestion creates substantial challenges because it increases fuel usage and delivery duration and operating expenses. The combination of agile vehicles with dynamic route optimization and temporary storage solutions has solved these delivery problems. Companies now integrate sustainability into their last-mile strategies because they want to full fill customer requirements for environmentally friendly logistics practices.The high costs of implementing autonomous technologies and regulatoryconstraints limit their extensive adoption despite recent innovative developments. The necessity to develop adaptive approaches for securing profitability and customer satisfaction in last-mile delivery becomes evident through innovation-urban collaboration.
Keywords: Last-mile delivery, Urban logistics, E-commerce , Autonomous vehicles , Micro-fullfillment centers.
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