Gender is an aspect of our everyday lives as well as a social, economic and cultural category that subsumes and re-writes the meaning of human sexuality, the fact of being masculine and feminine. The image of woman, her position, power and status in the society as well as in the family is central to the study of literature all over the world. In Indian drama, too, women characters have been portrayed from different perspectives. Violence is a universal phenomenon representing man's aggressiveness, hostilities, conflicts, and brutalities towards the individuals (including the self) and the groups. Suicides, murders, rapes, loot, arson, riots, and genocide are all violent manifestations on individual and group levels. Modern man in the present age of science is equipped with devilish tools of death and destruction. The aspirations and need for a wholesome existence are fraught with man's primitive impulses. An overview of Dattani's works reveals that gender ambiguity is a recurring theme in his plays. Preoccupied with gender issues, Dattani usually concentrates on the family. He neatly outlines the oppression that the female members are subjected to under the rule of a dominant male Conflict and contradiction mark every relationship - that between husband and wife, parent and child, lovers, siblings, etc Violence on Sexual minorities. Communal Violence, Violence between Father and Son, Violence against Women, etc. This paper, therefore, attempts to place Dattani firmly in the contemporary scene and argues that he sensitively discusses these issues in his plays.

Every woman is a preserver of pace and happiness at home. If one says that every home is happy, it does not mean that all the members of the household are happy, but what it means is that all the women in the household are happy and their happiness keeps others happiness assured and in fact. Such happiness arises out of peaceful, harmonious and prosperous life in a house, and so it mainly depends on women who rule it for its betterment and economical advancement. A house without such a woman is a house without prosperity. Men should not take them for granted. This paper aims to analyse the pros and cons of women in Shashi Deshpande’s work.

The goal of the paper is to provide a discussion of the predicament of women in modern society. In The Dark Holds No Terror narrates the story about protagonist Saritha, she is a successful lady doctor. She has faced many problems in her life. In modern society Women are educated though they are educated they are easily affected psychologically. Women are suppressed in male dominated society and face many problems such as loss of identity, male domination, gender discrimination, marriage disintegration, etc… They were unable to take their own decision. Indian society does not want female children only wants male children, parents thought that male children would take care of their parents at a later time. So they counted the male children as property. Through Deshpande novel The Dark Holds No Terror, this paper has made an attempt to trace out the predicament of women in modern society.

Nayantara Sahgal is a novelist of social and political consciousness. There is a huge social consciousness of modern sensibilities in her novels. With eager consciousness of the group of social forces, memories of the colonial past and its crash on the people, she brings out the political issues in a more vital and instant sense. Philosophically a Gandhian, she explores the communal dreams of the Indian people through her novels. The present study is a humble effort to discover socio-political consciousness in all its diversities and complexities in the novels of Nayantara Sahgal. A comprehensive analysis of the idea of socio-political consciousness constitutes the introduction of the study; it includes a conversation on Nayantara Sahgal’s life and works, along with the decisive influences. Nayantara Sahgal’s novels have been undertaken for the current study for the state motive that novel is the variety through which modern age expresses itself; Sahgal is a journalist-turned-novelist; by asset of this metamorphosis, she is completely competent of analyzing a political condition and tracing out its crash on society and justifying it on psycho-analytical grounds, and purging principles into super egoistic consciousness or responsiveness.

Twenty First Century has witnessed tremendous changes in the field of literature, where the Diaspora writers have carved a niche. Specifically, at present, there are many Indians who have migrated to foreign lands due to various reasons. Though they have settled in an alien land, they often nostalgic, i.e., mentally live in the land where they were born. Thus, Diasporas become culturally displaced, and it is reflected in Diaspora literature. The present paper deals with the portrayal of culture and the role of politics in shaping the culture of diaspora with reference to the works of Amitav Ghosh. The reason for selecting Ghosh’s works is due to the fact that they contain plenty of references pertaining culture, politics and also religion. As a renowned anthropologist Ghosh uses the knowledge in his field to showcase the culture of the natives. The research also pertains to how politics influence people of a country is analysed in the selected works of Amitav Ghosh.

Canonization of a work of literature contributes significantly towards its survival and celebration across time. Shakespeare, although having borrowed liberally from the sources that were then in existence, continues to entertain both as a canon and a phenomenon centuries after the passing of his Elizabethan stage. His texts, regarded as indisputable masterpieces, add to this popularity. Factors including his colonial context, the scope that the language presents for translations and the several ways in which we encounter Shakespeare too are significant contributors that cannot be ignored. Through the lens of performance, Shakespeare continues to reach us as plays, both well and ill-executed, making it vital to look at what happened to his sources and the inevitability of their shadowing in the process of the creation of the Shakespeare phenomenon.

India’s Youth Icon ChetanBhagat, who is well-known for his depiction of actuality in the contemporary Indian society. All the works of Chetan, portrays the problems that, Indians have been facings and also creates awareness to the youngsters in the society. Since from his first Novel “Five point someone” which was written years ago, he has been taking these problems into consideration and deal with it in his writings. Through his novels Chetan, reflects the reality of the society and influenced the youth much. In most of his novels, he penned the problems, like Negative impacts of Urbanization, post-truth politics and illusory democracy, communalism, issues in educational systems, competitive entrance exams, academic pressure, Lack of practical knowledge, unfulfilled aspirations and sufferings of middle class youngsters. He also deals with caste and culture, Inter-caste marriage, parents’ conservative mentality, corruption and narrow-minded people over love. The present paper brings forth, how ChetanBhagat’s novels, creates awareness among youngsters and educate them to lead a better life and extraordinarily depicts what young India really wants.

The genre of Indian English has acquired a respectable place in the comity of world fiction. Literature of each age has its own characteristic and the literature of each country has its own ethos. India as a country has its own culture and civilization and its literature bears testimony.

The purpose of this article is to bring out the “Social Consciousness: Social Imbalance in Chetan Bhagat’s novel One Night @ the Call Center”. Bhagat rocked the Indian sensibility with his thought provoking ideas of human condition twisted in the web of love, corruption, and ambition. He directly hits at issues like corporate life style, modern education system, misunderstanding, corruption, exploitation, patriarchal setup, and globalization in his novels In One Night @ the Call Center, Bhagat tried to explore call center world and its’ culture. It is a romantic comedy set in an office where bored young Indians try to resolve the mindless inquiries of Midwestern American Technophobes at the call center. The story revolves around six friends Shyam, Priyanka, Varun, Rathika, Esha, Military uncle who are selling home appliances to the United States from a call center in India.

The paper entitled “Social Consciousness: Societal Evils in Contemporary India from Chetan Bhagat's Perspective in Revolution 2020”. Chetan says that though writing in a developing country youngsters are failing to getrecogorize Chetan Bhagat, the creative writer in the field of Indian English Literature has portrayed the mechanical life of youngsters in his novel Revolution 2020. He has always been very careful and aware with most of the issues related to the society. He has also given some ideas to solve the problems through his characters in his novels. The paper brings forth the empathetic life of youngsters and the political problems in a vivid manner. It shows the life of the protagonist and the burden faced by them through relatives and society. Revolution 2020 is a fascinating and a fast-paced story of love, betrayal, and corruption. It is set in the sacred city of Varanasi and it reveals the darker side of India’s education system and the uncontrolled corruption it involves. In this novel Gopal, the protagonist of the novel is changing the traditional education system with the support of the MLA Shukla.

Indian Writing In English has gained global prominence. There are many writer’s in India who are using English language as a medium for their creative expression. This trend has heralded a era in fiction and has taken to new heights. The genre of fiction is a reflection of human life, society experience, beliefs, and aspiratitions. In fiction writing .the Indian women writers have made rapid strides in terms of achievement. Their works exactly mirror the contemporary world where the helpless women undergo all sorts of sorrows in a patriarchal world. Sashi Deshpande is a household name in Indian Writing in English .She ensured through her novels that the readers get sensitized to the burning issues of the society. Her novels are written with Indian background and it has proved to be her specialty. Her characters settings and conflicts faced are absolutely Indian. She has proved to be an excellent story teller.

Literature witnesses the growth of many issues like the impact of colonization, exchanges of ideas on Post-Colonial Studies, Post-Colonial history, Cultural effects of colonized society, groups for marginalized people and contemporary problems with post-colonial views. The Post-Colonial Critique accepts creative studies on Womanhood and Femininity in different contexts. This paper focuses on Femininity and womanhood in the novel “Second Class Citizen” written by Buchi Emecheta and how the female protagonist overcame her desires. Most of Emecheta’s works deal with the depiction of the African woman. The main characters of her novels show about her portrayal as a woman and a mother in Nigerian society. Emecheta defines that femininity and womanhood are the only way to expose them as a women and their sexuality.

Vikram Seth’s ‘A Suitable Boy’ is an effective thought on life. He describes contemporary reality and portrays the four upper middle class families of India in 1950s: Mehras, Chatterijis, Kapoors and Khans. Brahmpur is the fictional town in the novel and the main action is located. Seth has composed the chorography of this town keeping in mind and the historical associations typical of larger north Indian provincial towns. Each family has a plot and there are some sub-plots here to help the main plot, the search for a suitable by. The sub plots of the novel: The academic skullduggery, the political parallelism between Nehru and Tandon, on the one hand; the political rift between L.N. Agarwal and Mahesh Kapoor, on the other hand.

Aravind Adiga, a Chennai born writer, with his childhood and schooling in Mangalore, immigrated to Australia and then to the States, to study English Literature at Columbia University in New York and Oxford for further education. Adiga won the prestigious literary award Man Booker for his debut novel The White Tiger when he was 33. The White Tiger is his debut novel that is an angry story of an ordinary man’s passage from Indian village life to entrepreneurial achievement. In spite of being out of his home town, Adiga is worried about the situation of his country. It is unquestionably true that the nation has witnessed a paradigm shift in financial and technological advancement. But, the bare reality is that this shift has been made possible at the cost of social, cultural, moral and human values. Social discriminations take forefront in the novel. The immense gap between the rich and the poor and among the different strata of the social set up discriminate the people which pollutes life and challenges all logic and reason. This paper analyses the societal evils that discriminate people and the consequences of the disparities which force them to adopt unfair means to fulfil their desires as embraced by Balram, the protagonist of the novel.

Myths are the ancient stories passed on to all generations with a reason to perpetuate a belief. India is a country where myths have a separate place in Indian Literature . Indian folklores, epics and short stories are highly influenced by myth. Sita is one the most influential and famous characters in Indian mythology. Sita has always been regarded as the epitome of kindness, gentleness, courage and determination. Also she is accepted as a weak, mute suffer of all pains given by the society through her husband Rama. This paper is to unwrap the concealed and hidden valour in a woman like Sita and to show the brave and courageous side of every Sita.

The paper analyzes a study of feminine awakening in the motto of Kamala Markandaya. Kamala Markandaya has tried a review of what a woman in the Indian sets up aspires to be post-independence. Women have a significant place in Kamala Markandaya's novels. Her staging of feminine towards an account of women's emotions and judging Indian womanhood's battle with male reality. The noticeable fact is that her novel’s opening is vital for woman. Kamala Markandaya treats woman not as a member of society, but as a liberated her own individual identity in the male-oriented and patriarchal society. She explores the actual social and emotional bonds chain of women. Her female protagonists like Rukmani, Ira, Mira, Roshan, Nalini, Helen, Lalitha, Mohini, Usha, Valli etc., who have shown that they are not inferior to their male counterparts in any way. Kamala Markandaya's perception is definitely a prelude of fresh awakening as the seeds of women recognition, which Markandaya shows all in her novels; will grow into mature trees in the writings of stalwarts like Anita Desai, Nayantara Sahgal, R.P. Jhabvala and Shashi Deshpande.

This research paper entitled Occidental Hostility towards Oriental Countries: A Study of Michael Ondaatje’s novel The English Patient focuses on the implied hostility of westerners towards the people of oriental countries. The novel depicts the effects of World War II which made the world witness the horrific destruction during the wartime. Sahara desert symbolically serves as the representation of the characters’ war experiences in this novel. The argument which was going on about the nationality and integration in Canada when the novel was being written has a significant influence in unfolding the antagonistic ideas of westerners towards the people those who do not belong to white race, though they are the inhabitants of western countries.

Women are an integral part of human society. The word Feminism refers to the women’s right seeking to remove restrictions that discriminate against women. Feminism has often focused upon what’s absent rather than what is present. Feminism in literature, as can be most commonly conceived is a much sublime and over – the- top concept, which is most subtly handled under the restricted circumstances. ‘Feminist’ were those men and women who wrote, spoke and acted on behalf of women and their rights to social, economical, and political equality. Today at the dawn of the 21st century the women across the world are placed at a position of advantage. They are literary on the move. They are paying heed to their inner voice. They are finding their individual and collective voice.

With the backdrop of accelerating technological revolution, the emergence of engineering culture, and the demand for inventive engineering in the face of universal race, engineering institutes around the world are under pressure to cultivate industrialized competencies amongst imaginative, potential, and acclimatized engineers. These abilities should be viewed as constructive in any engineering profession, i.e. the ability to run with opportunities, trigger and administer conceptual and empirical resources in the visage of unknown risks in order to increase multi-disciplinary extensiveness in engineering graduates while supplementing their technical knowledge and proficiency. Intensifying these skills in engineering graduates necessitates a shift in the way, engineering is taught and assessed. This educational upgrading has been recorded as a separate research project that ties engineering education to exclusivity. The progressive engineering strategy has encouraged by the fledgling erudition, which included activating action, venturing initiatives, working with genuine issues, picturing novel suggestions through edifice, and forming alliances with corporatists. It reverberates in academic discussions on professional engineering education, where fast learning has been the ultimate pedagogical for professional competence advancement. To summarize, experimental andragogy emphasizes focusing solely on student-centered projects, captivating the entire commitment of the student, and applying relevant teaching-learning methods in line with real-life applications. This paper explores and explicates a concomitant pedagogical ethics in respect of facilitating the progression of professional competencies and skills of andragogy in the specialty of Advanced Engineering English, as an intermediary between the logician and the artisan, like an exponent between two aliens, by assimilating the dialect of both, pragmatically and ideally.

At the point when the world was being made, devas and asuras went to sage Prajapati to comprehend the significance of Atman or oneself. The primary answer he gave was the basic one. The Devas acknowledged it and left with the certainty that they currently had the ability to utilize this information as a weapon. Be that as it may, the Asuras, drove by Lord Indhra were not happy with the appropriate response. The kept on cross addressing him. This little account from puranas characterizes the quintessence of asuras – fretful, hungry for power and rash. There is asura and deva inside every one of us. It is our decision that characterizes which part of our temperament we permit to run our psyches. It is our decision of the self that decides the occasions throughout our life. This paper aims to break down graphical brain change of Meenakshi, wonderful looked at lady to Surpanakha, the shrewd and slanted disapproved of lady. This transformation of mind is answerable for her mother, fathers and siblings.

Human life depends on society. We can find a peaceful life in a good society. To have a peaceful Life, we should have a positive mindset to accept all we come across. But social tribulations insist on making it complicated. Social tribulations in society have become a serious concern in the present day world. It gradually affects the roots of our culture and its stops growth on the global. This research paper entitled ‘The Depiction of Social Tribulations in Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve and A Hand full of Rice’ highlight the Social tribulations in rural and urban societies and explores the meaning, reason, effect of social tribulations in the novels of Kamala Markandaya, an Indian English writer. It analyses the predominant social evils like poverty, hunger, starvation, beggary, prostitution, crime, unemployment and many more in the novels. Kamala Markandaya’s novels picture the suffering of the rural and urban people and it results in suffering, death and misfortune. Poverty is the reality of the characters in the novels and the novels nudge to awake the society from the social tribulations.

Ntozake Shange is an eminent African American playwright and poet, who gives the autobiographical touch in all her writings. She addressed all the feminist problems through racism and sexism in her works. She was awarded for National Coalition of 100 Black Women. Her works are mostly based in the form of letters, recipes and music. Shange's Sassafras, Cypress and Indigo reveals the Gullah Geeche culture. Here, the Black arts connects the three sisters and also reveals their talents through the culture. Hilda Effania and her youngest Indigo are the constant personalities who exposed their culture in a strong way. Cartographies, weaving, cooking, letters and dance are the major components in the novel. Shange has made use of these elements to forward the culture of the novel. Shange brings out the Gullah Geeche Culture, by black arts and self-realisation. Moreover, Gullah culture reveals the role of women much.

The characters of novel Brick Lane are seen constantly striving to unearth their true happiness under the sky beyond what is destined to them. Each of them struggles to change and move on in life. Each of them fights against Fate, Ties and cultures. Ali attempts to blend conventionally with modernity and with responsibility with self determination in a quite remarkable manner through novel. The protagonist of ‘Brick Lane’ Nazneen, her husband Chanu and her sister Hasina, reflecting dominance of Fate as a steering force of their life.

            Wordsworth is popularly referred to as a nature poet even though he claims himself to be a poet for a not unusualplace guy. The latter statement is taken significantly withinside the paper to bring on his message for the human race to understand the really well worth of its crucial nature. His humanistic perspectives would possibly have sprung from the binds of his companionship with cutting-edge poets, reflections on ancient incidents, and notably from his private temperament are a number of the hypotheses of this examine. Humanism is visible frequently a subjective argument but it tries to give an explanation for the universality in human nature and recognizes the splendor of its essence. This paper tries to apprehend Wordsworth withinside the mild of his humanistic philosophy that the proactive nature of the race is crucial and inevitable in particular on the time of crises.

Popular tradition refers to practices, ideals and different components which might be pre dominant in a specific area at a specific factor of time. The ideals and practices that decide famous tradition  varies from films to video games, sports activities, generation and so on. The social, monetary, cultural and different components decide a tradition as famous or now no longer. Popular tradition impacts humans’s attitudes and it's far taken into consideration opposite to peoples tradition, operating elegance tradition and different unpopular cultures. The take a look at duration is among nineteenth century and the modern-day cyber tradition.

Ecocriticism, in quick, is “the study of the relationship amongst literature and the physical environment”. The British struggle poet, Rosenberg is not an established eco-conscious creator, but his poetry continuously swaying with ecological ideas. In the poem, Break of Day with inside the Trenches he exposes the destruction made thru manner of manner of man(un)kind on nature withinside the decision of struggle. Being a poet, he expresses his emotion and pangs of existence thru numerous objects in nature, but in no manner used with the point of interest environment and ecology. As a soldier he had witnessed fantastic destruction, he information them in his writings. The destructions are not only for human beings or manmade but for whole ecology.  A letter to his friend, Miss Seaton, the poet expressed his inner most feeling closer to nature this is ruined thru manner of manner of wars. Most of the French u.s. I actually have seen has been devastated thru manner of manner of struggle, torn up – even the woods look ghastly with their shell – shattered trees. (Nov 15,1917 – written in hospital)

            Myth has no give up. It isn't restricted with historic occasions or narration. It holds mental thoughts and indicates internal lifestyles of humans that connects human psyche to non human or with divine. When a person confesses his enjoy with mythological thoughts, it becomes his private delusion. According to Carl Jung, “in lifestyles in earth wherein the opposites conflict together, can the overall degree of cognizance be raised. That appears to be man’s metaphysical venture which he can't accomplish without ‘mythologizing’”. Hence, to him “delusion is the herbal and imperative intermediate level among subconscious and aware cognition” (311).  Myth is illustration of tradition, values and human studies. Personalized delusion, including private feelings to mythological pics or the occasions, offers a brand new attitude on mythology.  Raymond Williams rightly says, the utilitarian thing of Myth...is exploring modern-day records - In the following default of a selected segment of a dominant tradition, there's then a accomplishing returned to the ones meanings and values which have been created in real societies and real conditions withinside the past, which nonetheless appear to have importance, due to the fact they constitute regions of human enjoy, aspiration and fulfillment which the dominant tradition neglects, beneathneath values, opposes, represses or maybe can't recognize. (316)

Kannada Navodaya, an technology which produced wealthy innovative harvest withinside the early 20th century has been pretty frequently as compared to English Romanticism in topic and spirit with the aid of using many literary historians. A re-studying of texts problematises such vital decisions and comparisons and increases questions on the historiography of Kannada literature of the past due nineteenth and early 20th century. They have led to undermining the cultural continuities of a literary lifestyle with its beyond. The paper goals to have a take a observe continuities with one’s lifestyle and the hyperlink that one stocks with the beyond with the aid of using supplying a studying of V.Sitaramaih’s poem Shabari. V.Sitharamaih is one of the famous poets of Kannada Navodaya who's cited as ‘V.Si’.  His poems exemplify an extraordinary amalgamation of the beyond literary lifestyle and the current Navodaya fashion of poetry. The paper examines the continuity of few cultural factors and interrogates the vital premises for outright rejection of his poetic capabilities with the aid of using the critics of the following technology. The paper argues that undermining the continuities with lifestyle ends in parasitic dependence on western modes of literary historicisation that could motive grave damages to the notion of literary craft.

The term ‘hegemony’ tends to suggest socio-ideological multitasking – because the hegemonic group uses the best of his resources to exercise its power, and are at the same time does its best to keep its design undetected by other group. The concept of hegemony was introduced by Gramsic in 1971. The process of hegemonic control has five dimensions ranging from gross to subtle. The most obvious dimensions of hegemonic domination is power of military. The domination group has strongest military. Alliance military is stronger than Military Blocs. The hegemony group has strong base of economy and technology; it has good. At the ideological level, such a group controls the term of relations-international, intergroup and interpersonal. Ideas of powerful overpower all the ideas.

Shashi Deshpande’s fiction sets forth the natural and influence of Indian Woman’s role as a ‘co-provider’ on her own as well as on her husband’s domestic role on their familial and marital relations. The question’s related to professional woman’s role, status, power, duty, obligations and empowerment vis-à-vis her husband’s are congenital to feminist studies and clear a assessment of professional woman’s experience regarding their role conflict, role overload marital stress, dilemma, fatigue and self doubt can be explicated through the study of The Dark Holds No Terror. Saruis caught in an emotional flux; endeavour to come to term with her protean roles, while trying her best to integrate her true self.

Anthropomorphism is the literary device, where animals and non-living things are attributed with human qualities like, speaking, analyzing and thinking. The main aspect of employing anthropomorphism in literature is to give life to the characters, though they are purely imaginative. This also enables the characters to talk about human beings and their behaviors. Anthropomorphic representation in the novels creates an additional interest among the readers to dive into it.

The paper traces the socio-cultural circumstances of nineteenth century India and the broad principles of the citizens as presented in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies. The interpretation is repeatedly dictated by two massive events- the events leading to the major Opium War and the Golden Triangle service between India, China and Britain and the gigantic immigration of the peasants to the cultivated area in the British colonies. In presenting the observations of opium service and indentured labor in nineteenth century India under magnificent ruling, Ghosh has brought to glow the collective conditions of the phase and also the position of women in a male dominated society. Women in initial India were held in renowned regard. The paper critiques the Indian banal powers which were deliberately patriarchal, feudal and anti-feminist in environment.

Magic realism is a term used to describe the everyday reality with supernatural events. The two terms ‘magic’ and ‘realism’ have become so intertwined that strange, unearthly happenings become almost an accepted, even normal part of daily life. The term ‘magic realism’ (Magischer Realismus) was coined by the German art historian Franz Roh in his essay ‘Nach Expressionismus’. The genre of magical realism is defined as a literary genre in which fantastical things are treated not just as possible, but also as realistic. The genre of magical realism is defined as a literary genre in which fantastical things are treated not just as possible, but also as realistic. There are numerous writers whose work falls into the magical realism genre. One example of magic realism occurs when a character in the story continues to be troubled beyond the normal struggle of life and this is subtly depicted by the character being through out her life.