This book titled “Database Management Systems ” is written to provide a significant amount of flexibility in the order in which the material is covered, as illustrated in the accompanying programs. Selected material from,
Chapter 1 covers a detailed explanation of Relational Databases. Care has been taken throughout the chapters to include the set of exercises to have an in-depth idea about the implementation of Relational Databases. Also included are suggested sample SQL Queries that incorporate the essential concepts in this chapter.
Chapter 2 cover the concepts of Database Design. Systematic care has been taken to support the topics with necessary routines and relevant diagrams about Database Design concepts like E-R Diagrams and the Normalization of Databases.
Chapters 3 cover the concepts of Transactions in DBMS, Transaction States in DBMS, Schedules in DBMS | Types of Schedules in DBMS, Serializability in DBMS | Conflict Serializability and Methods for Concurrency control. These topics are explained with relevant diagrams.
Chapter 4 cover the concepts of Implementation Techniques like Redundancy Array of the Independent Disk (RAID) and File Organization.
Chapter 5 cover the concepts of Advanced Topics like Distributed Databases, Object-based Databases: Object Database Concepts, Objects, The ODMG Object Model and the Object, XML: Extensible Markup Language, and Information Retrieval (IR). This book includes University question papers at the end.
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Chapter 1: Modern Office
Chapter 2: Office Organisation
Chapter 3: Office Manager and Organizational Skills
Chapter 4: Office Services
Chapter 5: Office Records Management
Chapter 6: Office Communication
Chapter 7: Public Relations
Chapter 8: Office Automation
The success of any project or work depends on the encouragement, best wishes and guidelines of well-wishers, our mother, father and teachers. express my deep gratitude for the blessing of my mother, father, brother and sisters. I express my special thanks to the publisher and his whole team. I am grateful for the constant support and guidance from my teacher Prin. H.D.Thorat, Prin.G.H.Barhate, Prin. S.S.Shevale and all my staff members. I take the privilege to thank Hon. Krishiratna Anil Meher, Chairman Gramonnati Mandal, Narayangaon Pune. Hon.Prakash Pate, President Gramonnati Mandal, Hon. Ravindra Pargaonkar, Honorary Secretory Gramonnati Mandal and all other directors, and trustees of the Gramonnati Mandal Narayangaon, Pune. I am also thankful to my beloved wife Sonali, Son Shubham and Shantanu for their encouragement support and motivation.
PREFACE
It gives me immense pleasure to release the first edition of the reference book titled Office Management. Today, we all are in the age of IT, BT and Beauty. Today’s education shifted from chock and Duster to Mouse and Monitor. In this Information, communication and Technology world every business organisation has to change their role and accept the speed and need of the ICT. The present reference book covers the units like Modern offices, Office Organizational skills, Office services, Office Records Management, Office communication, Public Relations and Office Automation etc. This Reference Book will be helpful to B.Com, B.B.A., and B.C.A. classes.
It was also useful to M.com, M.B.A., M.P.M., D.B.M., C.A., C.S., F.C.A. classes. The present Reference Book is also useful to Commerce, Management, Economics students, Teachers, Academician and Business. I have tried my level best to put the element of simplification to a great extent. I expect the Students, Teachers, Academicians, businessmen, Entrepreneurs and Researchers will take advantage of the said Reference Book. I expect feedback and suggestions from the readers which could become the guidelines for the next edition.
Dr J. P. Bhosal
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I am very much pleased to present this book which is the result of several years of research. Everyone is interested in the forecast and happier if it actually matches it, especially if the forecast relates to positive aspects of life. Financial forecast about the return particularly the asset price so as to improve one’s wealth cannot be an exception. Different approaches are followed to identify mis-
priced assets in the market so that the portfolio is modified by replacing overpriced assets with those under-priced. Most often, the continuation of mispriced situation necessitated a further trigger to implement entry and exit decisions in the market that
compliments fundamental analysis. Besides this, emotions and sentiments may dominate decisions, especially when they relate to money matters. This is where technical analysis has traditionally been trusted and acted upon. But there is no reporting of the actual success rate of the prediction tool as to its reasonable gain when used repeatedly so that the same tool can be again used later or by others. It means it has not grown into a mature science so as to get the same result on replication. This book is a work in this line as it is about the applicability of technical analysis. The more the price fluctuations, the more are opportunities to make a profit. Then the natural choice is financial assets in the stock market. Security prices are the best-chosen category of assets for their fluctuations.
Technical analysis is made of the prices of securities in the Indian Stock market to know its success rate. There are certain patterns and indicators that are preferred traditionally by most and widely reported. Their validity is examined in this book. Different decision- opportunities that are usually available within the regulatory system and also pragmatic are considered trading strategies to test.
Technical analysis being a segment of security analysis that is used to generate ‘buy signals’ and ‘sell signals’ has been a century-old stock market practice, though academic interest and literature on it as a science of market analysis has not grown that much. Controversy about its predictability can be a major reason. However, this tool is practised widely nowadays. The number of persons using it, demanding and issuing signal tips from it has been increasing day by day. Quarries in diverse online stock market groups evince it. For decades, there has been a prescription of this topic in the syllabi of various educational programmes, at least as a module or chapter. The consistency of success of certain aspects of the literature is illustrated here. Let the reader test the tools in their real-life trade and arrive at the success rate of each technical tool out of their long-term experience rather than embracing and sticking to judgment on a few casual wins or losses. The longitudinal approach used in this book for the calculation of return resembles the usual real trades in the market that may start and end at any time, considering many do it.
Technical analysis being a segment of security analysis that is used to generate ‘buy signals’ and ‘sell signals’ has been a century-old stock market practice, though academic interest and literature on it as a science of market analysis has not grown that much. Controversy about its predictability can be a major reason. However, this tool is practised widely now a days. The number of persons using it, demanding and issuing signal tips from it has been increasing day by day. Quarries in diverse online stock market groups evince it. For decades, there has been a prescription of this topic in the syllabi of various educational programmes, at least as a module or chapter. The consistency of success of certain aspects of the literature is illustrated here. Let the reader test the tools in their real-life trade and arrive at the success rate of each technical tool out of their long-term experience rather than embracing and sticking to judgment on a few casual wins or losses. The longitudinal approach used in this book for the calculation of return resembles the usual real trades in the market that may start and end at any time, considering many do it.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With boundless gratitude and great respect, I express my heartfelt obligation to my Supervising Guide Dr K. GEORGE VARGHESE, Professor and ex-director, School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology for his expert guidance,
whole-hearted support and constant encouragement without which this work would not have been completed. I consider it a privilege to have been able to work under his supervision and guidance. I am very much indebted to the help and counsel received from Prof. N. RANGANATHAN, Prof. P. R. PODUVAL, and Prof (Dr.) JOSE T. PAYYAPALLY, Prof. (Dr.) K. K. GEORGE Prof. (Dr) P.R. WILSON, and Prof. (Dr.) K. SUDHARSANAN PILLAI in their capacity as Directors of the School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology. Cochin-22. I have been very much helped by them during their respective tenures. I am also grateful to Prof. M. K. Sukumaran Nair, Department of Applied Economics, Cochin University of Science and Technology for his constructive suggestions on my work.
The computer facility for the analysis of the data was provided by Elvee Associates, Security Broker, Kochi-35. I am greatly indebted to its proprietress Mrs. Lissie Varghese, (former Member of erstwhile Cochin Stock Exchange) for the esteemed and boundless sacrifice
extended to me. My deep sense of gratitude is also due to all the staff in the Office and the Libraries of the School of Management Studies and the Department of Applied Economics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi -22. It is with the great obligation that I acknowledge the sincere help granted to me by the Librarians of the:
Institute of Financial Management and Research (IFMR), Chennai.
Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi.
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, New Delhi.
Rattan Tata Library, Delhi School of Economics, New Delhi.
National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi.
Federation Of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, (FICCI), New Delhi.
Society for Capital Market Research and Development, New Delhi.
Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI), Hyderabad.
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai.
Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.
Bombay Stock Exchange Library, Mumbai.
UTI Institute of Capital Market Research, Mumbai.
I acknowledge the co-operation of all my friends and well-wishers. I remember my parents for their boundless sacrifice, help and encouragement without which I would not have come up to this. There are many others from whom I have drawn much, directly and indirectly, during the course of my research.
Dr. SAJEEVE .V .P
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Unit 1: Accounting Standards & Financial Reporting (Introduction to IFRS - Fair
Unit 2: Final Accounts of Banking Companies
Unit 3: Insurance Claim Accounts
Unit 4: Final Accounts of Co-operative Societies
Unit 5: Computerized accounting practices
Unit 6: Branch Accounts
Unit 7: Single Entry System
Unit 8: Analysis of Financial Statements
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இது ேபாட்டி உலகம். இதைனப் ேபாருக்கு நிகராக கருதலாம். ேமலும் இங்கு உத்திகள் வகுப்பவேர ெவற்றிகைளக் குவிக்கிறார்கள்” என்கிறார் ெவ. இைறயன்பு அவர்கள். ேமலும் அைனத்துத் தகவல்களும் பரவலாக்கப்பட்ட இந்த உலகில் நாம் வாழ்ந்து ெகாண்டிருக்கிேறாம் என்பைத உணரும் தருணம் இது. இந்த உலைக தன் ேபாக்கிேல திருப்ப நிைனக்கும் ஒவ்ெவாரு குழந்ைதயும் எந்தெவாரு சூழலிலும் ெபாருந்தக்கூடியவராக, திறன்படக் ைகயாள்பவராக தங்கைளத் தயார்படுத்திக் ெகாள்வது இன்ைறய காலத்தின் ேதைவயாகும். ஒவ்ெவாரு குழந்ைதகளின் சிறந்த ெசயல்பாட்டிற்கு மனத்திறன்கள் (Mental Ability), காரணமறிதல் திறன் (Reason out), தர்க்க ரீதியாக சிந்திக்கும் திறன் (Logical Thinking), நாட்டமறியும் திறன் (Aptitude), மாற்று வழியில் சிந்திக்கும் திறன் (Alternative Thinking), நுண்ணறிவு திறன் (Intelligence) ேபான்றைவ அடிப்பைட கூறுகளாக அைமகின்றன. இத்தைகய திறன்கைள ஒவ்ெவாரு குழந்ைதயும் ெபற ஏதுவான சூழல்கைளப் பாடக் கருத்ேதாடு இைணத்துக் கற்பிக்க ேவண்டும் என்பேத எங்கைளப் ேபான்ேறாரின் எண்ணம். மனத்திறன் (Mental Ability) என்பது ஒருவர் தான் சந்திக்கும் சூழைலத் திறன்பட ைகயாள்வது அல்லது ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட கூற்று சரியா? தவறா? என ேவறுபடுத்தி அறிவது, ேமலும் நுண்ணிய ேவறுபாடுகளிலிருந்து ஒரு முடிைவப் ெபறுவது எனலாம். குழந்ைதகளிடம் கருத்துப்புரிதைல ஏற்படுத்துவேத எனது முக்கிய ேநாக்கமாகும். ேமலும் மனத்திறன் சார்ந்த ேதர்வுகைளக் குழந்ைதகள் சுைமயின்றி அணுகி, அதன் மூலம் கணித திறன்கைளப் ெபற வழிவைக ெசய்கிறது இப்புத்தகம். இப்புத்தகத்தின் ஊடாக தமிழ் வழியில் பயிலும் குழந்ைதகளிடம் ஆசிரியர் “எண்ெதாடர் வரிைசகள்” சார்ந்த கருத்துக்கைளத் திறன்பட கற்பிக்கவும், குழந்ைதகள் முழுைமயாக புரிந்துக்ெகாள்ளவும், அதன் மூலம் NMMS, NTSE & TRSTSE ேபான்ற திறனறித் ேதர்வுகைள எளிைமயாக அணுகவும் வழிவைக ெசய்கிறது. உயிர்ப்ேபாடு ெசயல்படும் ஒவ்ெவாரு ஆசிரியருக்கும், தமிழ் வழியில் கற்கும் மாணவருக்கும் இப்புத்தகம் ஒரு ஊன்றுேகாேல.
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Computer Networks book is an perfect engineering textbook for students analyzing
the subjects of laptop networks, information communication in the fields of
Computer engineering and Electrical engineering streams. The book is also very
beneficial for programmers, gadget engineers and human beings worried in the
discipline of facts communication and networking products. The book focuses on
the current science thereby imparting a clear survey of the entire statistics
emphasizing each basic concepts and the performance role in network plan
thereby exploring all the essential factors in the subject of data communication,
LAN and protocol design. This book includes gaining knowledge of about computer
network business enterprise and implementation, obtaining a theoretical grasp of
information conversation and computer networks, and gaining realistic experience
in installation, monitoring, and troubleshooting of present day LAN systems. This
challenge introduces laptop communication network sketch and its operations.
This problem includes the following topics: Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
communication model; error detection and recovery; local area networks; bridges,
routers and gateways; community naming and addressing; and neighborhood and
far flung procedures. The pupil needs to be able in part to design, enforce and hold
a usual laptop community (LAN) describes the standard principles of facts
communication. This situation gives the idea to implement a easy LAN with hubs,
bridges and switches, network applications using c languages and network
protocol. This difficulty describes how alerts are used to switch information
between nodes, how packets in the Internet are delivered ,how Computer networks
are prepared with the notion of layered strategy ,how routing protocols work and
to analyze the contents in a given Data Link layer packet ,based on the layer
concept.
A computer consists of processor, memory, I/O components and system bus. Processor: Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. When there is only one processor, it is often referred to as the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
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